tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7010336723582589232024-03-27T19:53:43.637-04:00Powelton History Blog: A Collective Biography of a Philadelphia NeighborhoodPowelton Village is a Victorian streetcar suburb of Philadelphia. This is the story of its people.Douglas Ewbankhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12349790470228456581noreply@blogger.comBlogger77125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-701033672358258923.post-31444549626678879302022-07-27T16:23:00.001-04:002022-07-27T17:11:48.969-04:00A Late Victorian Interior - 306 N. 35th St. c1900<p> Edward P. and Euretta M. Alexander built 306 N. <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/306n35th.htm" target="_blank">35th St. in 1874</a>. They were at the center of <a href="https://poweltonhistoryblog.blogspot.com/2012/10/fifth-generation-poweltonians.html" target="_blank">five generations of Powelton residents</a> whose story was told in an earlier blog.. <br /></p><p> The home was significantly altered in 1894 with a new facade and enlarged with a design by Addison Hutton. </p><p> Originally, the house was a classic Italianate.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAg1k8p5S6nYLRN6FdSP4pBM901Bsz1CrouoV8mNEeZeKSwqMEUNka--sONb8a0C8IFScZKbiwOhV3jtCz4L__hY9PWnyxQNQXJJh6Yerb8tl8uxFaH-XkuX8Yji7gO1OAsc5ZryZk7yX4Fttqv4FDk3-v1uvnpT2xmhKpLLSLqV9xpae-ZactedZYEw/s1452/306N35th-early.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1053" data-original-width="1452" height="464" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAg1k8p5S6nYLRN6FdSP4pBM901Bsz1CrouoV8mNEeZeKSwqMEUNka--sONb8a0C8IFScZKbiwOhV3jtCz4L__hY9PWnyxQNQXJJh6Yerb8tl8uxFaH-XkuX8Yji7gO1OAsc5ZryZk7yX4Fttqv4FDk3-v1uvnpT2xmhKpLLSLqV9xpae-ZactedZYEw/w640-h464/306N35th-early.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p> The 1894 renovation changed the facade and clad the whole house in Pompeian brick.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp-U8Mp2ho7hUR7vXH01hHhz6TPmdBQQ4JJs3ZaUh5Ds2sMqYJzjbxrWDfpF2JKcKZk1lq_diOfw43099I76CG3qG1g6eia9QOpy-QYiXIYSCTul0onOypyO8Q2e0lztrlcEPVs9gX8lHlb3XZ4CbwCr3XsZhDYlfX2QDOZMVZqCcvEzDLvQkYs3W7tw/s1463/306N35th-1895.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1054" data-original-width="1463" height="462" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp-U8Mp2ho7hUR7vXH01hHhz6TPmdBQQ4JJs3ZaUh5Ds2sMqYJzjbxrWDfpF2JKcKZk1lq_diOfw43099I76CG3qG1g6eia9QOpy-QYiXIYSCTul0onOypyO8Q2e0lztrlcEPVs9gX8lHlb3XZ4CbwCr3XsZhDYlfX2QDOZMVZqCcvEzDLvQkYs3W7tw/w640-h462/306N35th-1895.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p> Photos from about 1900 show the interior of this upper middle class home. (Photos courtesy of Julian Alexander, Jr.)<br /></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="447" data-original-width="640" height="448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF8EbfCerYu-h56lOOk__24uzAWAi78qVPl18GeX6KdNBOMZ_Zkr-ScQENZmYbVv38o2Jfmoowwm3WRh6aQhfDnzBZU3tEunxDeBK2yat_nCdBFwsQ5A3T9gM6zFhBqDMPRVj2qfrpA9uGK9ejWsEjNYZHn4w5IyYRFm_Qm6O8qKBio0jw2F-7lMERGw/w640-h448/306%20N%2035th_5367.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Entry Parlor and Stairs, 306 N. 35th St., c1900<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSu0z-fxs7KZIaVihiB7u7HrcUmUwxOEYgJfNPefTrJeW7bzJChXKOBR0hYvPJSy65UXXzeq57h0oBXmylXaJFlUN_7ozVT5DV_XbCYz14SdrzcxKmbh3dkIERByPGHOfQRo5vlS-Pdiiv8M0odTs6W70SdjtHGkwsiXBYWQ2flgsKKPnuNe7algoz9w/s640/IMG_5368.PNG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSu0z-fxs7KZIaVihiB7u7HrcUmUwxOEYgJfNPefTrJeW7bzJChXKOBR0hYvPJSy65UXXzeq57h0oBXmylXaJFlUN_7ozVT5DV_XbCYz14SdrzcxKmbh3dkIERByPGHOfQRo5vlS-Pdiiv8M0odTs6W70SdjtHGkwsiXBYWQ2flgsKKPnuNe7algoz9w/w640-h480/IMG_5368.PNG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Entry Parlor (Rear View, Entry at Left) and Dining Room, 306 N. 35th St., c 1900<br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </div><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwL-A6H3rPcnU-YxpDeM0a_EV8uCOQTMPAOle_3Spn-6YIOnSg9jhVpl001ziR2Bo6ZwReOCMBY5nmcXzpTfQFAJnb8m1L0X2JCNZRMESK6iXDjoISM_135ONqHPI_JKNCKp1_9Ma3VUZsDCS2NdeZl0_oYzdN1cKZ-KOUPmgjHHISdvqHhgETRKOwUg/s622/306%20N%2035th_5364.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="444" data-original-width="622" height="456" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwL-A6H3rPcnU-YxpDeM0a_EV8uCOQTMPAOle_3Spn-6YIOnSg9jhVpl001ziR2Bo6ZwReOCMBY5nmcXzpTfQFAJnb8m1L0X2JCNZRMESK6iXDjoISM_135ONqHPI_JKNCKp1_9Ma3VUZsDCS2NdeZl0_oYzdN1cKZ-KOUPmgjHHISdvqHhgETRKOwUg/w640-h456/306%20N%2035th_5364.jpg" width="640" /> </a></td><td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The 2nd Floor Rear Sitting Room, 306 N. 35th St., c1900<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN30_XV2hJnP9Eg8PJF8pi8LZ2diIA1kmIFmWmbPuJx3UFRSi7lTJEE-rlB4dEkRzQAlqV9Lum5YkNes-dV_1EVwVZOpSKbHFy4rJK9sATpgIZQqox6jJWOcy0zqEoCzrwHR1W4RQNCgL1v8cmiJHRqnfAVpMFwxcZhWGKkUPYpyL7nQIDDHO-9N1arg/s638/306%20N%2035th_5365.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="445" data-original-width="638" height="446" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN30_XV2hJnP9Eg8PJF8pi8LZ2diIA1kmIFmWmbPuJx3UFRSi7lTJEE-rlB4dEkRzQAlqV9Lum5YkNes-dV_1EVwVZOpSKbHFy4rJK9sATpgIZQqox6jJWOcy0zqEoCzrwHR1W4RQNCgL1v8cmiJHRqnfAVpMFwxcZhWGKkUPYpyL7nQIDDHO-9N1arg/w640-h446/306%20N%2035th_5365.jpg" width="640" /> </a></td><td style="text-align: center;"> </td><td style="text-align: center;"> </td><td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The 2nd Floor Rear Sitting Room, 306 N. 35th St.</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9uFMvQkJftNu1UzFyyUnF3pnbcjOUBoiYcPuNQgBHhfE96qPod879thi1D8Cw5DzCGIBYP1CC76iQtPyYdxPD1USvlDyRGMSNG0M5kSZUEc4p9Aaoy3ZdOK2FQ_RhcocsvmXwZO_O7DnGVeh3hA3jhnq_q6K7w3uZmwLt8uwGv3kZ4p_kVIwsasMCRg/s480/306%20N%2035th_5371.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="325" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9uFMvQkJftNu1UzFyyUnF3pnbcjOUBoiYcPuNQgBHhfE96qPod879thi1D8Cw5DzCGIBYP1CC76iQtPyYdxPD1USvlDyRGMSNG0M5kSZUEc4p9Aaoy3ZdOK2FQ_RhcocsvmXwZO_O7DnGVeh3hA3jhnq_q6K7w3uZmwLt8uwGv3kZ4p_kVIwsasMCRg/w434-h640/306%20N%2035th_5371.jpg" width="434" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1st Floor Front Parlor, 306 N. 35th St., c1900<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0BorJYwCxnRxsGv4Niqn9MQvrnupa9yjHTHPkJEWHsE1QRBLTZSG9YQB404W7nHPy4qY7bhhL5IgQGAFMJsLsSNgsv4tFseOV-2s9-pR2Tzvp2xRMpmIVs1UFSC1RI7aqZ-bNz1SRu4Xj3IR_SArd3HP0dIksGf7Idqrbz9JFWPWKd-94dKGYT-eAbg/s640/IMG_5370.PNG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0BorJYwCxnRxsGv4Niqn9MQvrnupa9yjHTHPkJEWHsE1QRBLTZSG9YQB404W7nHPy4qY7bhhL5IgQGAFMJsLsSNgsv4tFseOV-2s9-pR2Tzvp2xRMpmIVs1UFSC1RI7aqZ-bNz1SRu4Xj3IR_SArd3HP0dIksGf7Idqrbz9JFWPWKd-94dKGYT-eAbg/w640-h480/IMG_5370.PNG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1st Floor Front Parlor Overlooking 35th St., 306 N. 35th St., c1900<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="479" data-original-width="334" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZl2dmPy-OBqxbof_5ZNNWymDfQ49ymEYlSSRJKf0Os6BmAViHjL-pU-RXjgP06b3mp6kMsm_sEXf_fh_jOJLICyOy6FRUOGileeD-wdqZ1uTCG_lPS5ShUYpOKI40s52fng0rzuYIuqq__1vJhED2gYN1-U3prQ4KRGLs_FUetOfai4RvOUUC-cDmow/w446-h640/306%20N%2035th_5366.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="446" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Through View of 1st Floor Main Rooms, 306 N. 35th st. c1900<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZl2dmPy-OBqxbof_5ZNNWymDfQ49ymEYlSSRJKf0Os6BmAViHjL-pU-RXjgP06b3mp6kMsm_sEXf_fh_jOJLICyOy6FRUOGileeD-wdqZ1uTCG_lPS5ShUYpOKI40s52fng0rzuYIuqq__1vJhED2gYN1-U3prQ4KRGLs_FUetOfai4RvOUUC-cDmow/s479/306%20N%2035th_5366.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> </a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9QOiEgdo-uXscDajvIkrfSh8Ea0dvun2KXD9U6KT3W9r3R-eKiun7eRVpwNG5fLwLQFB2UOOgqvUc7P1QMrv98N4a-Lkh4TKvY-y0eb34ANy7FKa4UtY0t6dL2rtVbVKNj6uL7q0t_SNY5kezyQqtJLRirgRN72debv3AS3KQWOBcmu8sYOX2X6WQsQ/s2272/306%20N%2035th%20-%20front%20porch.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2272" data-original-width="1704" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9QOiEgdo-uXscDajvIkrfSh8Ea0dvun2KXD9U6KT3W9r3R-eKiun7eRVpwNG5fLwLQFB2UOOgqvUc7P1QMrv98N4a-Lkh4TKvY-y0eb34ANy7FKa4UtY0t6dL2rtVbVKNj6uL7q0t_SNY5kezyQqtJLRirgRN72debv3AS3KQWOBcmu8sYOX2X6WQsQ/w480-h640/306%20N%2035th%20-%20front%20porch.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Entrance to 306 N. 35th St., 2018<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimOKBaV07mk4OQFja8PnjbQPoJjxjN3mVeA7FdgyzPweZ6ardorSyPiH_iEPJAI9_LEYRvCC_xPx0sPq5u0CjrveiT8vDQwlIyUlUf1LOD1oOgfaLblumA4RU0mkpcty3tTylLmVOfLTLthn2monUOHVSJrWVseVwwz8c-r0t31VjbwI0nB9lI01cGnA/s2272/306%20N%2035th%20-%20tile%20floor.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1704" data-original-width="2272" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimOKBaV07mk4OQFja8PnjbQPoJjxjN3mVeA7FdgyzPweZ6ardorSyPiH_iEPJAI9_LEYRvCC_xPx0sPq5u0CjrveiT8vDQwlIyUlUf1LOD1oOgfaLblumA4RU0mkpcty3tTylLmVOfLTLthn2monUOHVSJrWVseVwwz8c-r0t31VjbwI0nB9lI01cGnA/w400-h300/306%20N%2035th%20-%20tile%20floor.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tile Work in Entrance Hall, 306 N. 35th St., 2018<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><br />Douglas Ewbankhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12349790470228456581noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-701033672358258923.post-72034698137956988632021-02-10T12:02:00.002-05:002021-02-10T12:02:39.711-05:00Putting Poweltonians on the Map Did you ever wonder who lived in your house in the decades before you? We generally know something about our immediate predecessors, but what about the first residents? Were the houses on your block generally owner-occupied in 1900? Did you ever wonder who these “Victorians” were? The Historic Preservation Committee of the <a href="http://poweltonvillage.org/">Powelton Village Civic Association</a> has been collecting information about the earliest residents of Powelton Village. Taken as a whole, this information provides a unique look at a Victorian neighborhood. <br />
The information we are finding is being added to the Interactive Map on PVCA’s website: <a href="https://poweltonvillage.org/historicalmap/">http://poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap</a>. The basic information comes from the censuses of 1860-1930 which give names and some social characteristics such as place of birth and occupation. This has been supplemented using city directories for the 1850 and ‘60s, 1887-1895, and 1950. Once we have names, we can start Googeling. (You can also Google addresses.) We have found an astonishing array of genealogies, biographies, news items, etc. that provide interesting insights into who these people were and how they were related. We have also started searching Philadelphia newspapers for the 19th and the 20th centuries on-line. With help from the <a href="http://uchs.net/">University City Historical Society</a>, we were able to collect information on about 1,000 dead transfers which are very helpful in a neighborhood where many houses were rentals. <br />
Without the interactive map, this would just be a disk full of data. The interactive map is based the 1927 Bromley Atlas. It shows almost all of the houses that were ever in the area. A mouse click on a house provides extensive information about the architecture, the owners, and previous residents. There are photos of most houses and we are adding photos of previous residents. <br />
The map is designed for “touring” the neighborhood. Each page has links to neighboring houses so you can tour a block. For example, starting at the <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/227n34th.htm">Riebenack mansion</a> (now Drexel University’s Ross Commons) at 34th and Powelton you can follow down 34th St. to see who lived where Drexel’s new Millennium Hall now stands. Other links help you follow individuals or families as they moved around the neighborhood. For example, take a tour of the homes of Kevin Bacon’s father and grandparents starting at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3603baring.htm">3603 Baring St</a>. Interested in houses that aren’t there anymore? Try the houses where the Powel School stands (<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3501powelton.htm">3501</a> and <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3515powelton.htm">3515 Powelton Ave</a>. and <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/302n35th.htm">302</a> and <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/304n35th.htm">304 N. 35th St</a>.). The large house that was at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/207n35th.htm">207 N. 35th St</a>. (now a parking lot) and the house at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3500powelton.htm">3500 Powelton Ave</a>. (now replaced by the Powelton Apartments) had fascinating histories and we have links to numerous photos. A red square marks <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3316baring.htm">3316 Baring St</a>. which once sat on the land now occupied by 3308-3310 Baring and 3315-3333 N. 34th. In addition, this blog is filled with links to individual addresses mentioned in the text. <br />
There are many surprises. For example, George Washington Taylor was a leader in the anti-slavery movement who boycotted goods made with slave labor. Isaac Ray laid the medical and legal foundation for the “insanity defense.” Architect Frederick Thorne designed his home (<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/205n36th.htm">205 N. 36th St</a>.) in a Victorian style that reflects Japanese design. Some Poweltonians were members of the corrupt Republican machine that ran Philadelphia for decades (e.g., Richard Peltz) as well as Republican reform politicians (e.g., Erastus Poulson). There are many, many more. <br />
The map now has entries for about 450 houses with information from an average of more than three censuses each. The quantity and quality of the information available through the Interactive Map probably rivals (and may well exceed) what is available for any historical population of comparable size. There is much more to add and we are posting new information every week. <br />
A number of people have contributed to the map including: Keith Roeckle who set up and maintains the clickable map; Sabra Cameron who searched for additional information; and John Wheeler who collected and organized extensive information from deed transfer summaries. Scott Ryder has helped me with all aspects of the search for information. He has also helped immensely with all questions about architecture and we have coauthored many articles. <br />
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(Reproduced in part from the <i>Powelton Post</i>.)Douglas Ewbankhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12349790470228456581noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-701033672358258923.post-68156479033754016352019-02-28T21:21:00.004-05:002019-02-28T21:21:51.252-05:00Professor F. W. Hastings’ English and Classical Academy<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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Part of Powelton’s history is the story of local institutions such as its churches and schools. During Powelton’s early decades, there were a number of “institutes,” “academies,” and “seminaries” that offered academic training to the children of upper middle class families. These included the Powelton Institute which was located in the Powel Mansion from 1858-1860 and T.J. Sanderson’s School for Boys at 35th and Spring Garden (1862-1866). One of the longest running schools was Mrs. Sutton’s Home School for Girls which was centered at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3511hamilton.htm">3511 Hamilton St</a>., but which included 3507, 3509, and 3513 at various times. Much later, there was <a href="http://poweltonhistoryblog.blogspot.com/2011/09/100-years-ago-in-powelton-new-friends.html">Friends’ West Philadelphia School</a> at 35th and Lancaster (now the CEC). <br />
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The largest and, perhaps the most prestigious early school was run by Prof. Fulton W. Hastings. He was born in Ohio in 1825. In 1860, he and his wife were living in the home of Rev. John McCluskey (probably at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3512hamilton.htm">3512 Hamilton St</a>.) who started the Mantua Female Seminary (which later moved to <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3412baring.htm">3412 Baring St</a>. for a few years). By 1861, Hastings had established his own academy at the southwest corner of 34th and Powelton in a building that may have been built for the school. In 1864 it advertised “Instructions given in all branches of an English, scientific and classical course. A new addition has been made, during the vacation, to our former well ventilated rooms affording a rare opportunity for class study and healthful exercise in military drill.” It provided both day and boarding for young boys. <br />
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In 1867, the school expanded to include the former Butcher Mansion (<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/207n35th.htm">207 N. 35th St</a>.) which was just to the southwest of their original building. It now included boys and young men (college preparatory). The 1870 census enumerated the Hastings and their three sons, another teacher, 13 boarding students ages 12 to 19, and five servants. <br />
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By 1878, the school was moved to 40th St. between Chestnut and Market. It was advertised as “Embracing English, Classical, and Commercial Departments. A Day and Boarding School for Young Men and Boys. Special advantages. All the teachers are graduates of college. Instruction extensive, thorough and practical. Pupils are ‘taught — drilled, but not crammed,’ and thoroughly prepared for business or high standing in college. Family School limited. Comfort of a Christian home. A high moral tone pervades the school. Location beautiful and healthful in all its surroundings.” Students came from as far away as Japan and Spain. In the same year (1878), Hastings was awarded an honorary PhD by Lafayette College. The 1880 census only lists the Hastings family (now with four sons) and three servants in the Butcher mansion. <br />
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Fulton Hastings died in Nov. 1885 and it appears the school continued under the Hastings name for a year or two. <br />
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The school trained many young men who went on to the finest colleges (Penn, Princeton, Yale, etc.) and solid careers. Local students included:<br />
- Albert Ashmead, Jr. (<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3500hamilton.htm">3500 Hamilton St</a>.) who graduated from the Penn Medical School and became a researcher on leprosy, pellagra, and Asiatic diseases.<br />
- Charles and Henry Brooks (204 N. 35th St) also attended. Charles went to Hahnemann Medical College and became chief of the maternity department at Women’s Homeopathic Hospital.<br />
- Samuel Gibson (Baring above 33rd St.) became a lawyer then attended Penn Medical School. He was the first researcher to produce immunity to the tubercle bacillus.<br />
- William Dreer (3312 Arch) later became president of Dreer nurseries.<br />
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Other graduates included lawyers, Presbyterian ministers, merchants, and a playwright. One thing that sets the Hastings Institute apart from other local schools is the frequency with which its name appears in brief published biographies of prominent men.Douglas Ewbankhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12349790470228456581noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-701033672358258923.post-23020128676081107692017-04-21T11:01:00.002-04:002017-04-21T11:01:15.477-04:00The Electrical Exhibition in Powelton, 1884<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC5WZbEOMgmllKuANeCbQd7wMfGBNu-lTaH7xje_COoVkkDf21PyJJRkfOMiMaDEKs2EYieBAePSIYQioHFPDKxoZtbopwQUsYF3Jlb9PwpsAOEEBGYeLXAAOWZvky5OO0a45fAlEy5Q7q/s1600/Electrical+Exhibition+poster.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC5WZbEOMgmllKuANeCbQd7wMfGBNu-lTaH7xje_COoVkkDf21PyJJRkfOMiMaDEKs2EYieBAePSIYQioHFPDKxoZtbopwQUsYF3Jlb9PwpsAOEEBGYeLXAAOWZvky5OO0a45fAlEy5Q7q/s400/Electrical+Exhibition+poster.jpg" width="298" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>On September 2,
1884, Poweltonians suddenly got a unique glimpse of the future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On that date, the Franklin Institute opened
the International Electrical Exhibition in a temporary building at 32<sup>nd</sup>
and Lancaster Ave.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There had been a few
such exhibitions in Europe beginning in 1881 in Paris.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, this was the first in the U.S.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It marked an important turning point in
history when electricity came out of the research laboratory and started to enter
the lives of ordinary people. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The <i>New
York Times</i> understood this when it noted that</div>
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<i>“if an exhibition had been desirable 10 years ago, it would have been
very difficult to find the materials, if we except the one department of the
telegraph.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nothing calls to mind more
clearly how very recent indeed are the most noted improvements in applied
electricity than does an examination of the dates when the most noted and
important of the appliances were invented.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Another of the curious circumstances is found in the fact that few even
of the newest contrivances show the advent of hitherto undiscovered
principles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is in the method of
application and in the ingenuity rather than the originality that the striking
effects are shown.”</i> [1]</div>
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Although it covered all aspects of electricity, the
largest share of the exhibits was given over to illumination.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first electric lights in Philadelphia
were street arc lights installed on Chestnut St. three years earlier.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first electric system in West
Philadelphia wasn’t started until 1891.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Although there were gas street lights and gas lights in homes, they only
provided small patches of warm lighting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was into this darkness that the Exhibition burst into light.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhNthM9fGtMmZIrd_FqnuQ-UTJHemgQJI8ePYEzaRCJyA1UxEzToC5webUQC4XtnbRUQDwKkHD3ijdJ4Sj10lBNr-orl8-y0Q0ngRzCHk6W40j0lR_03RyrS2tlKzA2pWSazlYVcQf45JX/s1600/Electrical+Exhibition+BirdseyeView.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhNthM9fGtMmZIrd_FqnuQ-UTJHemgQJI8ePYEzaRCJyA1UxEzToC5webUQC4XtnbRUQDwKkHD3ijdJ4Sj10lBNr-orl8-y0Q0ngRzCHk6W40j0lR_03RyrS2tlKzA2pWSazlYVcQf45JX/s400/Electrical+Exhibition+BirdseyeView.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>The International Electrical Exhibition Building (Left) and the Pennsylvania Railroad Terminal</b></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Franklin
Institute built a temporary building of wood and glass.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It included a central arched span 100 by 200
feet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The front corners rose to 60 foot
towers. It was linked by an elevated walkway to the Pennsylvania Railroad Terminal which included additional exhibits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The New York Times</i> article reported that “Powerful lights flash from the
roof of the main building and shine all over the city.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One tower held the Navy’s newest search light
which illuminated small objects 2.5 miles away [to east of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Broad St.].”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The other was a tower of different color incandescent bulbs mounted by
Thomas Edison.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Times</i> went on to explain that<br />
<i>“in the interior are 350 arc lights
and 5,600 incandescent lamps….<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A dozen
steam engines [run]… 16 of the biggest dynamo machines ever constructed …. [T]he
illumination… presents a scene of surpassing splendor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not the least of the attractions is a
beautiful fountain… the whole being illuminated by electric lights surrounding
it, and shining down from above.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Looked
at from the gallery the appearance is that of wonderful brilliancy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then, too, there are the colored lights
arranged in groups and the burnished chandeliers of artistic design, to say
nothing of the great lines of fire from aloft which irradiate the spaces with
the refulgency of noonday and a splendor all their own.”</i><br />
</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Exhibition offered
a large display of historical items most provided by the Patent Office.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It included 19 electrical and ten mechanical
telephones, the first patented electric motor, early lightning rods and Morse’s
first telegraph from 1846.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>New
inventions included a large electric clock which transmitted the time through
wires to clocks throughout the hall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There was a “perfect hatcher” which could incubate 2,100 chicks at a
time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Wanamaker & Brown set up
electric sewing machines which were “running with lightning speed and by
lightning power.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cloths made on them
were for sale at their store.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One
exhibit displayed a synchronous multiplex telegraph capable of sending 72
messages to 72 recipients back and forth through a single wire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inquirer</i>
reported that<br />
<i>“At the exhibition the force carried through a single slender
wire may be seen moving a number of heavy machines, such as would tax a steam
engine’s strength, and doing it without expense for coal or water, without
ashes or smoke, and without danger of exploding.”</i> [2]<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Off in one corner was a curious device invented by
Thomas Edison.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was described as an
“Apparatus showing conductivity of continuous currents through high vaco.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was called the “Tri-Polar Incandescent
Lamp.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Edison didn’t have time to study
it and considered it an aesthetic matter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Its actions could not be fully explained until the discovery of the
relationship between electrons and electricity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This was the first public showing of the vacuum tube which became the
foundation for modern electronics. </div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><h3>
<b>The Exhibit of the Weston Electrical Instrument Corp.</b></h3>
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There were also more decorative exhibits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> At the exhibit of the Weston Electrical Instrument Corp. (a major competitor of Edison), a</span> large jar contained gold fish whose scales
were illuminated by submerged incandescent lamps.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> The exhibit also </span>included bouquets of real
flowers surrounding a small incandescent bulb.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inquirer</i> noted that “At
first a young lady, evidently a belle in society, timidly drew back from her
escort when he offered her one of the bouquets. In a few minutes her natural
fear of the subtle, powerful, but eminently useful agent, was alleviated and
she was induced to take the brightly illuminated flowers….”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> [3] </span><br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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The Franklin
Institute offered a series of lectures on a wide variety of topics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These included lectures on “Dynamo-Electric
Machinery” and “The Divining Rod.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They also commissioned a large series of primers
to explain the principles of electricity and many advanced topics.<br />
</div>
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The hall was used only once more for an exhibition of recent
inventions and in 1886 it was offered for sale and dismantling.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But for a brief six weeks, it lighted up
Powelton’s night sky.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>More than 300,000
visitors to the Exhibition saw for the first time the true potential of
electricity to change everyday life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It brought
electricity out of scientific laboratories and presented it as much more than a
mysterious curiosity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We can only
imagine the awe inspired by an electric sewing machine or a lighted bouquet of
flowers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But today satellite images of massive
glowing cities can still awaken a sense of what electricity has done to change
the world we live in.<br />
<br />
------------------<br />[1] "A Dazzling Exhibition." <i>New York Times</i>, Sept. 3, 1884. </div>
[2] <i>Inquirer</i>, Sept. 23, 1884. Pg 4.<br />
[3] "Electric Sparks." <i>Inquirer</i>, Sept. 6, 1884. Pg. 8Douglas Ewbankhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12349790470228456581noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-701033672358258923.post-71472758242010012872017-03-22T11:27:00.002-04:002017-03-22T11:27:34.837-04:00Tax Revolt in the Borough of West Philadelphia In 1850, the City of Philadelphia was limited to the area we now call Center City – from South St. to Vine St. between the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers. The area that now makes up the whole city was Philadelphia County. It was only in 1854 that the boundaries of the city were expanded to include the whole County <br />
Between 1840 and 1850, the population of the City increased by 30%, largely through immigration. For the first time, the immigrants included many Catholics. The increased population led to crowded housing and the building of narrow trinities. The City began to experience increased crime and clashes between Protestants and Catholics. Many of the old buildings in the City were replaced by taller stores and businesses. These developments made the old parts of the City less attractive to upper-income families. Residential development west of the Schuylkill started to become attractive to families seeking a more tranquil environment..<br />
In 1835, the area we now call West Philadelphia was Blockley Township. It was largely rural with many farms and wooded areas and a few small unincorporated villages. In January 1837, the Court of Quarterly Sessions established the Borough of West Philadelphia out of the eastern section of Blockley (shown in blue on the map below). The action was taken in response to a petition from 21 petitioners [1] who claimed support of a “majority of the resident freeholders of” Hamilton Village, Greenville and Powelton. [2]<br />
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeFTc7yyYw38VHDGhJ5m3XSxWVzpLQ_mqiiRcKRqpdrvYS4wj92498faLWTi2jnRrXcsgPhWSg_YCWuif1EN5gKu_Iy-ICNyt7Al9SInyLCgG0PsxbsSKLvRgfeYiqOz1DjJYzMJAo4sxD/s1600/West+Phila+Borough+1840.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeFTc7yyYw38VHDGhJ5m3XSxWVzpLQ_mqiiRcKRqpdrvYS4wj92498faLWTi2jnRrXcsgPhWSg_YCWuif1EN5gKu_Iy-ICNyt7Al9SInyLCgG0PsxbsSKLvRgfeYiqOz1DjJYzMJAo4sxD/s640/West+Phila+Borough+1840.jpg" width="496" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Section of Rea and Miller 1849 Map</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">with Blue Line Added to Show the</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">Border of Borough of West Philadelphia in 1837.</span></b></td></tr>
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<br />
However, Greenville probably did not have the requisite population of at least 300 to constitute a village and Powelton could hardly be claimed to be a village. In addition to these “villages,” the new borough included the Powel estate, the Bingham-Baring estate, and the Crean estate (roughly Filbert to Spring Garden between N. 39th and N. 40th) above Market St. Below Market St. (lower green area on the map) it included the Blockley Alms House, Woodland Cemetery, Wetherill’s (below Walnut along the Schuylkill) and a few smaller properties. In March 1837, the Legislature passed a law authorizing the new borough to elect ten councilmen. [3]<br />
The Borough quickly became the target of a taxpayer revolt. The new Borough added to the taxes levied on each property. For example, in 1841, a property in the Borough valued at $10,600 paid $89.24 in taxes including: County tax of $42.80, Borough tax of $21.83, Poor tax of $14.55, and $10.86 in state tax. [4] <br />
In addition to those taxes, property owners were soon hit with other charges. The development of the area depended on investments in infrastructure. Even the main roads were not paved. In April 1837, the Legislature authorized the hiring of surveyors to lay out roads in West Philadelphia Borough and all of Blockley Township. [5] The Borough was authorized to require owners of lots where houses had been built along paved roads to grade and pave footways and gutters. [6]<br />
Protests began even before then. In March 1838, the <i>Inquirer</i> reported complaints from residents of Blockley Township and the Borough of West Philadelphia about the cost of proposed roads and the requirement to pave footways. The complaints stated that “No petition from inhabitants is requested… to authorize an expenditure, which in some cases, may cost an individual, in grading especially, a large proportion of the value of his lots… and all non- resident freeholders of Hamilton and Mantua Villages, are to be subjected to the ruin of their property, without appeal.” [7]<br />
Despite these protests, the Borough began making investments in infrastructure. In June 1838, it advertised for bids for the grading of a half-mile of Washington (Market) St. In 1840-’41, property owners and occupiers on Washington St. from the bridge to William (39th) St. were required to “grade, curb, gutter and pave the footway” of their lot. [8] The street was “pitched [and] pebble-paved.” [9] (When about half of this section of Washington had to be regraded in 1853, the cost was covered by the District of West Philadelphia. [10])<br />
Opposition to the Borough escalated in 1842. The Guardians of the Poor (which ran the Blockley Almshouse) protested a proposal by the Borough to grade, curb, gutter and pave Darby Rd. (Woodland Ave.). They claimed this involved a “useless and extravagant expenditure of the public money and might be deemed a precedent upon which with equal reasons the Borough Council might require the whole of the Darby road and Lehman street, and all other streets about the Alms-House Farm” to be developed similarly. They, therefore, joined a lawsuit brought by William M. Meredith and Clark Hare before the Supreme Court of the Commonwealth seeking to invalidate the incorporation of the Borough. [11]<br />
At the same time, 36 residents and land owners in the Borough expressed their strong support for the suit challenging the formation of the Borough. They noted that the Borough boundaries included more than 600 acres of farmland and protested the “oppressive taxes” and “lavish expenditures in leveling hills and filling hollows” and “despotic mandates” to grade, pave, gutter and curb roads along their properties. The 15 resident property owners who signed it included three members of the McIlvain family of lumber merchants and builders. The 15 non-resident property owners who signed included owners of undeveloped estates: John Hare Powel, William and John Crean and the trustee for the Baring estate. [12] In the meantime, Powel and Clark Hare refused to grade, pave, gutter and curb over a deep hollow along their property on Darby Rd. The landowner across the street noted that “the road is frequently almost impassable…” and he had “repeatedly seen carriages with four horses stalled” on that stretch of road. [13]<br />
In May 1843, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court announced that it had quashed the incorporation of the Borough of West Philadelphia. It ruled that the bill authorizing the Court of Quarterly Session to incorporate areas “does not authorize the incorporation into a borough of two or more villages, together with a tract of open farm land. If it did, it must appear that a majority of the whole mass joined in the petition” for incorporation. [14]<br />
In February 1844, the Legislature incorporated a new, smaller, Borough of West Philadelphia. [15] The new boundaries (the red area on the map) excluded Woodland Cemetery, the Alms House, and the Baring, Powel and Crean estates. The bill named six commissioners who were entitled to collect any taxes due to the late Borough at the time it was dissolved and to use the funds to pay off its creditors.<br />
Between 1840 and 1850, the population of the Borough of West Philadelphia more than tripled going from 2,896 to 10,662 – a huge 13% per year. The population of Blockley Township increased 67% from 3,318 to 5,553 over the decade (5.1% per year). In 1844, it was reported that West Philadelphia “contains over one hundred and fifty buildings, including several large furnaces, and other manufacturing establishments…. West Philadelphia is rapidly improving, and at some future day will form part of the city itself." [16]<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrHsx9Kn0WYW29yWtkZXLzWPK2HMghXJ2JiB97jmXaTnWWBk6D0UK-cSeAmte7f4mzbYgPHFNxA45YMf4zIIEFaoyPU9EOL-zI5Hc1wk2IjgicFRbAwxTvl4QLA32ITFrZxTWibMAALDoV/s1600/Mantua+lots+for+Sale+Pub+Ledger+1847-01-29+P4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrHsx9Kn0WYW29yWtkZXLzWPK2HMghXJ2JiB97jmXaTnWWBk6D0UK-cSeAmte7f4mzbYgPHFNxA45YMf4zIIEFaoyPU9EOL-zI5Hc1wk2IjgicFRbAwxTvl4QLA32ITFrZxTWibMAALDoV/s400/Mantua+lots+for+Sale+Pub+Ledger+1847-01-29+P4.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Ad for Lots in Mantua by Samuel Hutchinson (<i>Public Ledger</i>, Jan. 29, 1847)</b></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
A map published by Samuel Hutchinson in 1848 is entitled
"Plan of the Proposed New Borough of Mantua." Hutchinson was a
conveyancer (real estate agent) at 5th (now 34th) and Haverford in
Mantua. Instead, in February 1850, residents of Mantua requested the
Legislature to annex Mantua and neighboring areas into the Borough of
West Philadelphia. [17] A week later, this proposal received the
support of more than 300 residents of the Borough. [18]<br />
In March 1850, the Legislature expanded the boundaries of the Borough to include Mantua and the Powel and Bingham-Baring estates (the yellow areas of the map). [19] The <i>Inquirer</i> reported that the “area is now greater than that of the City, [and the townships of] Northern Liberties, and Spring Garden combined” and listed numerous new residences that were being built in the Borough. It also noted that “Colonel John Hare Powell [sic.] has had Powelton surveyed for sale and improvement….. The improvement of the Southern front of this property will give the Lancaster Turnpike a village character and appearance from the Bridge to Hestonville." [20]<br />
In April 1851, the legislature renamed the borough the District of West Philadelphia. [21] The District invested in a new system of piped water and gas which became a major attraction for upper-income families. When the County police force was strengthened, three policemen were assigned to the West Philadelphia district.<br />
The years leading up to consolidation in 1854 saw increased development in the area. In 1854, Baldwin and Thomas’s gazetteer of the U.S. reported that in the District of West Philadelphia a “new town hall on Washington [Market] street is a 5-storied brick building, with an iron front. The beautiful villages of Hamilton and Mantua are included in the corporate limits. Numerous elegant residences have been erected within a few years. The town is lighted with gas and supplied with good water….” [22]<br />
The District Hall was still standing in 1918 when Joseph Jackson noted that:<br />
“At the southeast corner of Thirty-seventh and Market streets stands the last of the commissioners' halls…. This building originally was erected for a Masonic hall, and several lodges of that fraternity used to meet there. About 1850 the Commissioners of West Philadelphia… who had formerly held their meetings in a schoolhouse at Thirty-third and Ludlow streets, and in Keen Hall, then on Market street west of Thirty-third, removed to the building at the southeast comer of Thirty-seventh and Market streets, which they renamed Commissioners' Hall." [23]<br />
<br />
_______________________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
1 Editors. 1843. "The Borough of West Philadelphia." <i>Public Ledger</i>, March 1, 1843, 2.<br />
2 The website of the Philadelphia City Archives includes the following: “By virtue of P.L. 163, 1 April 1834 the Court of Quarter Sessions was empowered to establish boroughs. Unfortunately, that court's relevant records for the years prior to 1844 are not extant." (Philadelphia City Archives. "The chronology of the political subdivisions of the County of Philadelphia, 1683–1854." accessed Dec. 24, 2016. http://www.phila.gov/phils/docs/inventor/graphics/wards/wards1.htm.) However, the original petition is found in the Court’s decision of March, 1843 that quashed the original incorporation. (Watts, Frederick, and Henry J. Sergeant. 1853. Reports of cases adjudged in the Supreme court of Pennsylvania. Vol. V. Philadelphia: James Kay, Jun, and Brother.)<br />
3 P.L. 40, March 13, 1837.<br />
4 1841. "Report of the County Board." Inquirer, Sept. 18, 1841, 2. The numbers given are not exactly consistent with the reported total.<br />
5 P. L. 95, sect. 12. April 4, 1837.<br />
6 P. L. 91, sect. 19. April 16, 1838.<br />
7 "West Philadelphia." <i>Inquirer</i>, March 24, 1838, 2.<br />
8 For the south side of the street: "Notice to owners of lots in West Philadelphia." <i>Inquirer</i>, Sept. 8, 1840, 3. For the north side of the street: "Notice to owners of lots in the Borough of West Philadelphia." <i>Inquirer</i>, May 20, 1841, 3.<br />
9 <i>Inquirer</i>, Sept. 9, 1853. 1.<br />
10 <i>Inquirer</i>, Sept. 9, 1853. 1.<br />
11 "Extracts from the Minutes of the Guardians of the Poor." <i>Public Ledger</i>, Feb. 18, 1843, 3.<br />
12 Hopkins, Moses, Christopher Wiltberger, P. Mounier, and others. 1843. "To the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania." <i>Public Ledger</i>, Feb. 18, 1843, 3.<br />
13 "Mr. Charles P. Heath's statement." <i>Public Ledger</i>, March 22, 1843, 2.<br />
14 Supreme Court of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 1853. "Case of the Borough of West Philadelphia." In <i>Reports of Cases Adjudged in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania</i>, edited by Frederick Watts and Henry J. Sergeant, 281-4. Philadelphia: James Kay, Jun, and Brother.<br />
15 P.L. 28.<br />
16 Tanner, Henry Schenck. 1844. <i>A New Picture of Philadelphia or the Stranger's Guide to the City and Adjoining Districts</i>. 4th ed. New York: Map and Geographical Establishment. 134-5.<br />
17 <i>Public Ledger</i>, Feb. 9, 1850. 1.<br />
18 <i>Public Ledger</i>, Feb. 15, 1850. 2.<br />
19 P. L. 215.<br />
20 "A large and improving borough." <i>Inquirer</i>, Sept. 2, 1850, 2.<br />
29 P. L. 211.<br />
22 Baldwin, Thomas, and Joseph Thomas. 1854. <i>A New and Complete Gazetteer of the United States</i>. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo & Co. 1272.<br />
23 Jackson, Joseph. 1918. <i>Market Street Philadelphia: The most historic highway in</i><br />
<i>America Its merchants and Its story</i>. Philadelphia: Joseph Jackson. 199.Douglas Ewbankhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12349790470228456581noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-701033672358258923.post-17839640270226443692017-03-08T15:02:00.000-05:002019-02-28T21:00:00.442-05:00Mrs. Sutton's Home School for Girls<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">During the late 1800s, there were several private girls</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">’ schools in Powelton. They were set up in houses and were often run by widows. The most successful of these was Mrs. Sutton's Home School for Girls which, at its peak, extended over three houses: 3509, <a href="http://poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3511hamilton.htm" target="_blank">3511</a> and 3513 Hamilton St. The story behind the founding of the school is a story of a woman who was forced to reinvent herself after a rapid series of tragedies.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Annie M. Sutton was the daughter of Agnes Irwin and Lieut. William M. Rose.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Agnes was from Pittsburgh. Lieut. Rose was an 1822 graduate of the US <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">M</span>ilitary Academy. He was posted as an ordinance officer at the Pittsburgh Arsenal from January to April 1823. Annie was born in Pittsburgh in September 1823. Rose was stationed in New Orleans in 1824 – 1825. He died in Washington DC in November 1825 at the age of 24 after a </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“lingering illness” - malaria is a reasonable guess given his time in New Orleans. Seven months after Rose’s death, Agnes gave birth to his son, William J. Rose.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1833, she married John D. Mahon, a widower with four children.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Agnes and John had six children together.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Annie married a young lawyer, Thomas Sutton.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He set up his practice in the newly established town of Clarion, county seat of Clarion County near Pittsburgh.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the history of Clarion County, Sutton was described as </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“one of the few among Clarion’s early legal lights, who achieved a pronounced success; a success due to his high personal character and real professional merit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In argument he was fair, but as a business attorney he </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">excelled." [1]<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=701033672358258923#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""></a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Annie and John had three children born in 1846, 1848 and 1850. [2]<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=701033672358258923#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The youngest apparently died quite early.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1850, John had a two-story brick house built on the courthouse square.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, their domestic life was suddenly shattered in 1853.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>John died of typhoid fever at age 37.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Three days later their four-year-old son died of scarlet fever.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Three weeks later Annie lost her oldest, Agnes, who was only 7.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Annie and her mother moved to Philadelphia about 1865.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For a few years, they (and Annie</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">’s sister-in-law, Mary Rose) rented rooms at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3500hamilton.htm" target="_blank">3500 Hamilton St</a>. About 1867, they moved to Agnes’s house at 3841 Spring Garden St.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Also living with them was Mary Rose, and several of her young </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">children. [3]<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=701033672358258923#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Annie opened her first school at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3510springgarden.htm" target="_blank">3510 Spring Garden St</a>. in 1870.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She opened the school with her partner Mary (or Maria) E. Roney.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Roney was the daughter of George G. Roney.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Education must have been important in their home: his two sons became Philadelphia lawyers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Annie and Mary worked together for the next 30 years.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">In the spring of 1871, Annie bought <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3511hamilton.htm" target="_blank">3511 Hamilton St</a>. for $5,300 - money she got from the sale of the house in Clarion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Later, the school rented 3507 Hamilton which was purchased by the Christ Methodist Episcopal Church in the City of Philadelphia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The school had a small number of residential students as well as day students.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1880, the census listing for 3511 included Annie, Mary Roney, a 17-year-old language teacher, six female students aged 11 to 18, and two servants.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">The best description of the school comes from the book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Where to Educate 1898-1899</i>:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“MRS. SUTTON'S HOME SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, 3509, 3511, and 3513 Hamilton Street, West Philadelphia, Mrs. Annie M. Sutton, Miss Mary E. Roney, Principals. The aim of this school is to provide a pleasant home, combined with a thorough course of instruction. It is in one of the most beautiful parts of Philadelphia, and the high ground and quiet neighborhood render its location healthful and well adapted to school purposes. The boarding pupils, whose number is limited to sixteen, receive the personal supervision of the principals, who endeavor to carry into effect that home training which is so necessary a part of a girl's education. The teachers of the various departments have made a careful study of the best methods of imparting instruction. Certificates admit to Wellesley and Mt. Holyoke, and pupils are prepared for other colleges. The charge for boarding pupils is $500 per year, and for day pupils from $20 to $60 per term, according to the </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">grade." [4].<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=701033672358258923#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">One graduate of the school was Louise Oliphant Fulton whose family lived a block away at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3420hamilton.htm" target="_blank">3420 Hamilton St</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her father was Rev. Robert H. Fulton pastor of the Northminster Presbyterian Chur<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">c</span>h<a class="msocomanchor" href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=701033672358258923#_msocom_1" id="_anchor_1" name="_msoanchor_1"></a><span style="mso-special-character: comment;"> </span> (<a href="http://poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3500baring.htm" target="_blank">3500 Baring St</a>.). Louise was an 1893 graduate of Bryn Mawr College.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1898, she married Frank Thompson Gucker whose family lived next door (<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3422hamilton.htm" target="_blank">3422 Hamilton St</a>.).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They lived in Louise</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">’s childhood home until Louise sold it in 1942.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">The school also attracted students from a wide geographic area.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For example, the 1880 census lists Mary A. Fullerton, age 17, who was born in Texas and Lillian Thatcher (1870-1948) who was from Colorado.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Annie Sutton died during the summer of 1900 and Mary Roney became principal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mary had established social ties that undoubtedly strengthened the school</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">’s reputation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She served on the Board of Managers of the Quaker City Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was also a founder and one of the first presidents of the Philomusion Club.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Philomusion was a women’s club at 3944 Walnut St. which was founded in 1904 “to promote the vital interests of the </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">day." [5]<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=701033672358258923#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mary moved the school to 3931 Walnut St. and recruited her sister, Arabella, to work with her.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The school was renamed the Misses Roney</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">’s School (although the name Sutton might still have been used).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>About 1916, they merged the school with another school to form the Gordon-Roney School at 4112 Spruce St.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1930, Mary and Arabella were retired and living in Haverford with relatives.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new";">[1] </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Davis, A. J., ed. 1887. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">History of Clarion County Pennsylvania</i>. Syracuse, N.Y.: D. Mason & Co. 390.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">[2] http://www.clarioncountyhistoricalsociety.org/museum</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">[3] The children were erroneously listed with the last name Sutton.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is corrected in the second enumeration of the census</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Courier New";">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">[4] Thomas, Grace Powers. 1898. <i>Where to Educate 1898-1899: A Guide to the Best Private Schools, Higher Institutions of Learning, etc. in the United States</i>. Boston: Brown and Co. 325.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">[5] <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inquirer</i>, April 27, 1913. 7.</span></div>
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Douglas Ewbankhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12349790470228456581noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-701033672358258923.post-29564929523740634202017-01-12T12:13:00.000-05:002017-01-12T12:13:36.378-05:00“On the Banks of the Lone River”<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
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The following is a long, almost poetic piece published on the front page of the newspaper <i>The Press</i> on Sept. 6, 1861, about the land along the Schuylkill River between the Spring Garden St. bridge and the Market St. bridge. Much of this land was once part of the Powelton estate. The section at the south end new the Market St. bridge was previously owned by the City and included an old graveyard. In 1861, the whole area was owned by the Pennsylvania Railroad and it is now the Powelton Yards associated with 30th St. Station. In 1860, the was a single rail line along the escarpment. During the 1850s, the area between the rail line and the river was the location of a number of agricultural fairs including the huge Fourth National Exhibition of the United States Agricultural Society at Philadelphia.</div>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4i75zhIyqP5uEQzEN80pEW_kIWM-X4EUq1mfLiYd6Y_lSfXr9srHg7wub7lwwbyz3FYapb6m41pJytjge3UkhOnM0Z1-QtKUFfxtcNNABlfxZbh8m1ZLw0aFjZxHzM0i4Q4Qwq7OL9NMM/s1600/Agric+Fair+Powelton+1856+-+sm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4i75zhIyqP5uEQzEN80pEW_kIWM-X4EUq1mfLiYd6Y_lSfXr9srHg7wub7lwwbyz3FYapb6m41pJytjge3UkhOnM0Z1-QtKUFfxtcNNABlfxZbh8m1ZLw0aFjZxHzM0i4Q4Qwq7OL9NMM/s640/Agric+Fair+Powelton+1856+-+sm.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><h2>
Engraving showing the 1856 Agricultural Fair at Powelton. It shows the railroad line, the cattle sheds and some of the crowds attracted to the Fair.</h2>
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<h2 class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in;">
“On the Banks of the Lone River”</h2>
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An odd caption for a local item, we confess, but the sweet English ballad’s name is nonetheless quite appropriate to our subject.</div>
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For the last thirty or forty years, perhaps, a quiet, Shady Lane has cosily [sic.] stretched itself along the west bank of the Schuylkill River, from the Wire Bridge past Market Street. Beginning nowhere in particular, and as though by the merest accident in the world, leading shiftlessly along to almost any indefinite locality, and ending in the same incomprehensible way – without an apparent purpose in life, any more than to drag out a fettered existence, like the “Father of the Marshalsea,” and, moreover, locked up by short-sighted art into a mere ravine that Nature had too much judgment to hollow out for it – it has come to be looked upon as a sort of topographical nonentity, as a foundling that has never awakened to the shame of its own paternity, and that has never been taken kindly by the hand, and taught to look back with a fond regret to the brightest days of its existence.</div>
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Thus for nigh half a century it has stretched itself along the river’s edge on sunny days, and watched its face reflected in a thousand rippling circles for every pebble cast into the water; and in all that half a century it has been wandering by the waterside without a name! – at least without a name in the city’s official nomenclature of highways and byways.</div>
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People have called it the river road, because it has wound along the river’s brink so many passing years without straying after fresh fields and greener pastures; and some, in their self-complacence, have called it the “lonesome road,” because they could never muster the courage to travel it by sunlight, or moonlight, or twilight. While others, more courageous, and probably more aesthetical, and certainly owning property in “the village,” have christened it the “romantic road.” And others still, those sordid eyes can never see the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">dulce</i> for the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">utile</i>, have bestowed upon it the unmusical appellation of the “short cut.”</div>
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But the sordid are often their own unwitting satirists. So, the corpulent, and the asthmatic, and that they are wont to groan under heavy marketing of a Saturday, have never found it a particle shorter than the other routes of less pretensions; not a bit shorter on summer days, when the river is only a band of gold between two slopes of green, and when every atom of dust by the wayside is gasping and panting for a breath of life; not a bit shorter in winter time, when every blast of Old Boreas, sweeping down from its northern fastness like a charge of the First City Troop, not a bit shorter than other routes, in fact, because of its serpentine course, and because of a certain air it has of having just stepped out for an evening ramble, and of having been charmed away to self-forgetfulness by the water-lilies, and the fresh hay-scent, and the voices of the rustling corn. Here, then, for an apostrophe:</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
“The veined wind-flower in the somber wood,</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Thought-breeding pansies in the sunlight glowing,</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Or red-cloaked lilies in the meadows growing,</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Best image thee in every changing mood!”</div>
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<br /></div>
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Half way down the road you come to an old stone bridge that once had a wooden coping, no doubt, for vestiges of it still remain; but everyone who ever went that way, and sat awhile to rest himself, was wont, it seems, to carve his initials there. So the coping has crumbled and shrunk away, and the name of many a one who years ago was laid beneath the sod, has been overgrown with ivy-green. But the lapse of time has not crumbled the marble slab set in the staunch-built masonry. The strange, old-fashioned letters that sprawled into existence a good long life ago from the point of the sculptor’s chisel, have managed to sprawl along Time’s highway ever since, unscathed, and smile at you thus, with a world of memories in their eyes;</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;">
COUNTY BRIDGE</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;">
1828</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
Beneath the bridge streamlet used to come down to the river every day from Powelton, but it’s visits have ceased long since, and tradition is silent as to the cause. Its bed is sere and trackless now, but when the brown-faced autumn comes the withered leaves shall gather there and rustle sadly with the passing winds.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
Though but a brief half mile in length, and sweeping through dangerous gravel pits, the Lonesome Lane is still in the prime of beauty, and still a study for lovers of Nature, in her picturesque and startling moods. Where foot-walks ought to be there are ridges of grassy knolls, that the roaming cattle have almost shorn of their growth of greenness by constant croppings; and out of the knolls start tall cedars, and oaks, and sapling willows. As for the main roadway, it has taken a most novel and unjustifiable method of getting to its journey’s end – a method of hills and hollows that may be pleasant enough to the eye in a sketch, but is apt to startle a stranger with the notion that the Lane has come to an untimely end, in a clump of poplars or a wooded farm.</div>
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None but vagrants ever seem to frequent the lonesome lane, and they always seem to be seated upon the grassy knolls, untying bundles of clothes in their laps, or else have their eyes bent industriously on the water; always seem to start mysteriously at the sound of a foot-fall near them; always seem, from the look of their bleared and blood-shot eyes, to have a weighty secret, which they are anxious to keep concealed from you. Sometimes a stray peddler crosses the threshold of their haunts, and seats himself upon a knoll; but it is only that he may wipe his face, and unsling his pack for a moment’s rest, and a moment’s breath of the grateful air. He is always a languid, careworn, weary man, with a furrowed brow and unshorn chin, and a lustreless eye that tells the tale of a purposeless, withered life. After a lapse of time that has brought no rest, his staff is taken up again, and the weary tramp resumed, till he sinks from view in a hollow of the road. His moment’s rest was a thought of his fatherland.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
Beyond the willows and the gnarled oak-branches that cut up the face of the moon so oddly, lie the broad green marshes by the river. In the brave days of old when freshets were not a nine days’ wonder the bosom of the marshes would often be covered with canal-boats, and the subsiding waters would leave them there to perish in their ignominy. Several of these boats are still to be seen thus imbedded in the smiling but treacherous mead out of reach from the land-side, and unfit for service on the water. In the morning’s sunshine their dismantled hulks loom out of the river-mists, with a strange reminiscence of a mindful scene in “Great Expectations.” As far as vivid scenery can go, here may we view the faithful counterpart of its opening chapter; and only a few weeks since, the graveyard, too, was here, as though to complete the picture.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
All day long the voices of the marsh keep up a tuneful melody. All day long the grasshopper sings the “Siege of Belile,” or something else as monotonous, but fifty per cent. more endurable. All day long the locusts are whispering secrets in the cover of the grass. All day long the old-fashioned frog is croaking an autobiography – which frogs on the other lonesome roads never so much as think of doing. If his croakings were only more intelligible, or the English language more pronounceable and primitive, he would tell you, how in days of yore, the Schuylkill Ranger made his haunts in these old hulks and marshes – and how the prowess of his deeds made godly people tremble – and how the mysteries of strange men’s bodies, found floating lifeless among the tall green reads, remained forever unraveled – and how ghosts from Potter’s Field were seen to patrol the lonesome road on moonless nights, so that it fell into disrepute, and was ever after shunned. But Potter’s Field has been removed along its ghostly phantoms, and the Schuylkill Ranger has gone to the tomb of the Capulets.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
And the little birds, too, have a tale of their lives to twitter, had we but time to stay and listen, for it is here that the city’s younger sons and would-be sportsmen most do congregate, when the shooting season comes. What matter if most of them cannot handle a gun? They have accomplished much to be already so well acquainted with the lingual requisites of their calling. It is much to be able to speak flippantly of “mashes” for “marshes,” and “patridges” for “partridges,” without a blush mounting to their ermine cheeks – much to be able to use the feline particle “catridge” in place of the honest substantive their grandsires used in ‘76. Sportsmen are such a peculiar class of beings, and must be indulged in as sharp-defined characteristics as the fatherless fledglings that they prey upon. The slaughter of the innocents and has made their natures imperious.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
And there are tuneful voices in the lonesome lane by night. The tremulous chirp of the cricket, who, like Widow Machreo’s kettle, “sings songs full of melody” – the call of the locust to his comrades – the unearthly food of the screech-owl, and anon the dull flapping of his wings – the plash of an ore from out the darkness of the water, as though an Indian were paddling down the stream in his birch canoe – the winding note of the boatman’s horn, to which the distance lends a mournful cadence – the steady roar of the waters of the dam; – these are the voices of the lane after nightfall; and never – even in the gloom of midnight – is nature wholly voiceless, though it is held by Barry Cornwall that</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
“All things that live and are, love quiet hours –“</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
But the lonesome lane (how cheerless the alliteration!) is fast being shorn of its primal romance. The green meads and marshes are gradually yielding to that foremost law of organic nature – the law of change – of which the poet hath truly said:</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
“‘Tis writ in the sky, ‘tis writ on the deep,</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
‘tis writ on the graves where our fathers sleep.”</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
Out to the furthermost verge of the verdure, the new wharves of the Pennsylvania Railroad are now being extended, and the Vandal spirit of progress is wedding itself to new piles of brick and mortar at every turn of the road.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
Still the Swiss cottage built back among the trees will always have a redeeming beauty, for each sterile feature of the landscape, and still more of the associations connected with the Fair grounds just opposite, will always lend a brightening aspect to the spot, though every sylvan charm should fade with the dying years. Nearly all the agricultural fairs of the city and State societies have been held on this very site. Here was given birth and impetus to the Commonwealth’s inventive skill and industrial interests, which the nation’s crisis may check but cannot overthrow. Here were the trials of speed between highborn stock, that stirred the birth of the “fancy” man like rich old wine – here mammoth beets and golden pumpkins smiled for days at a time on village matrons and the country folk – and here the panorama of human life passed swiftly down to the valley and shadow of Time.</div>
Douglas Ewbankhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12349790470228456581noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-701033672358258923.post-69758088354910242452015-03-18T10:57:00.001-04:002023-01-18T17:43:51.095-05:00The Ties that Link Immigrant Families: Dietrich Kolbe and Heinrich Justi<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The U.S.
has been called a “melting pot” where immigrants from many countries combine to
form a common society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, migrants
aren’t instantly turned into “Americans.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Even when they aren’t clustered into enclaves of fellow migrants from
the same country, they often maintain close linkages with their compatriots.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dietrich Kolbe
and Henry (Heinrich) D. Justi were masters of their crafts – Kolbe for his design
and manufacture of orthopedic devices and fine surgical instruments and Justi
for his revolutionary advances in dental appliances.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both earned a prominent place in the history
of their professions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, what has
not been noted is the close familial relations between these two immigrants.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both were natives of Marburg, Germany, a
university town about 60 miles north of Frankfurt.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dietrich
Kolbe (1824-1878) arrived in Philadelphia in 1847.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had spent the previous ten years learning
to make medical instruments and orthopedic devices with the finest craftsmen in
Europe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He began at the University of
Marburg and then studied in several countries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He spent the three years before coming to America in Paris.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kolbe chose Philadelphia because it was the
center for medical instruments in America.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>After a few years here, he joined with Martin Kuemerle, a syringe maker
from Switzerland.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They introduced their
business with the publication of one of the first American illustrated
catalogues of medical devices: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kuemerle
& Kolb</i>é<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">’s Illustrated Catalogue
of Surgical and Dental Instruments & Syringes</i> (1855).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The association only last a few years before
they returned to their separate areas of expertise.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Kolbe was
probably widowed before he left Europe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In 1852, his daughter, Marie, arrived from Marburg with her uncle, Louis
Kolbe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was five years old and was
born in France.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1850, Kolbe married
Hedwig Justi, Henry Justi’s sister, who had only arrived recently.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Hedwig and
Heinrich Justi arrived from Marburg in August, 1850.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their mother probably joined them much later.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hedwig was 24 and single. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Heinrich, just 16, was described as a “cuttler.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hedwig’s marriage to Dietrich Kolbe may have
been prearranged as their son, Louis, was born the next year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If so, Kolbe probably arranged for their
travel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They travelled from Bremen on
the same ship that had carried Kolbe from Le Havre three years earlier.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Henry’s father died when he was quite young
so he was apprenticed to a surgical instruments maker at age 13.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He probably started working for Kolbe upon
his arrival.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is in Kolbe’s shop that
he might have been introduced to methods for making artificial teeth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1852, Kolbe advertised porcelain teeth
made to order and announced he had acquired a machine to make the pins to hold
the teeth in place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Justi apparently
operated that machine for him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Justi
also observed the manufacture of the molds for making teeth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He devised new molds that allowed a colored
veneer to cover the Vulcan rubber base.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He presented his method to the Orum and Armstrong Tooth Co. which
promptly hired him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Justi soon became a
partner in the firm and bought out his partners in 1864 to form the H. D. Justi
Co.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOsM4Lnh7JtecqCnX2fpwA1TpvIn4i0IhM3F1jf7grIFMEwAIrSI_OB6KPXEBmGhwyggEdpFoPKBiRGTNzBLn95zaQCHvWkLV2WY8RxdPoUn7kpxsyaW5N6OdgbMpQt0QP440wbqOYl1Ep/s1600/Justi,+HD.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOsM4Lnh7JtecqCnX2fpwA1TpvIn4i0IhM3F1jf7grIFMEwAIrSI_OB6KPXEBmGhwyggEdpFoPKBiRGTNzBLn95zaQCHvWkLV2WY8RxdPoUn7kpxsyaW5N6OdgbMpQt0QP440wbqOYl1Ep/s1600/Justi,+HD.jpg" width="270" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">H. D. Justi (1834-1922)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>About 1860,
Kolbe moved his growing family to Darby Rd. (Woodland Ave.) near Market St.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A few years later, they moved to a large lot
on the east side of N. 32<sup>nd</sup> St. just below Baring St.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> (<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/300n32ndeast.htm" target="_blank">319-323 N. 32nd St</a>.) </span>At the same time Justi moved to a small
adjoining lot at 3106 Baring St.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He started
a new family with his marriage to Auguste Schwarzwaler in January, 1862.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sadly, she died in May, 1863, two weeks after
delivering a daughter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In January, 1865,
Henry married Lizzie Kuemerle, the daughter of Kolbe’s former partner.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mary Kolbe was the maiden of honor and John
Kuemerle served as best man. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the Fall
of 1866, Justi purchased the large lot at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3401baring.htm" target="_blank">3401 Baring St</a>. and the family moved
into a grand new home in 1867. </span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>During the
Civil War, Kolbe was a major supplier of high-quality surgical instruments to
the Union Army.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, his specialty
was orthopedic instruments and appliances.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>His interest in orthotics was fueled by the fact that he suffered from
problems with his hip.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kolbe’s shop was
at 32 S. 9<sup>th</sup> St. across from the University of Pennsylvania.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cases of club foot and limb deformities were
routinely released from the hospital immediately following surgery.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Patients were often sent across the street
where Kolbe produced appliances for them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There was no system of out-patient or continued care.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kolbe was instrumental in stimulating the
organization in 1867 of the Philadelphia Orthopedic Hospital, one of the first
in the country.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For its first three
years, the hospital was located in Kolbe’s building above his shop.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1870, it was expanded to include a clinic
for “nervous diseases.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In early 1872,
the hospital moved to a new building which had space for in-patients.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kolbe died in 1878, but his work was
continued by his sons and his wife.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact,
his wife, Hedwig [Justi] Kolbe, patented a lighter weight, more flexible
artificial leg and foot in 1890.</span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbwPrgFuwRRlFEhV54Xb_4HSdU20MFLY9lV6f-r8oNfaxGPNJwviVA9Nv2n1hd0JfMa0uLlP6ZqMd1_msW5GeUFMBArHzMYqnh3Gvwl5GZhL5ejIAjqyWLJe7gNcMqmLPed17SAgzgs1a_/s1600/Justi+Dental+Engine+1891+US451246-1.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbwPrgFuwRRlFEhV54Xb_4HSdU20MFLY9lV6f-r8oNfaxGPNJwviVA9Nv2n1hd0JfMa0uLlP6ZqMd1_msW5GeUFMBArHzMYqnh3Gvwl5GZhL5ejIAjqyWLJe7gNcMqmLPed17SAgzgs1a_/s1600/Justi+Dental+Engine+1891+US451246-1.png" width="271" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Justi Dental Engine, 1891</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Justi’s
dental appliance company became nationally prominent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Before his inventions, porcelain teeth were
hand crafted for each patient.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His
techniques turned it into a more standardized manufacturing process.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He soon opened a new large manufacturing
space and dental supply shop on Arch St. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1886, the H. D. Justi company announced
that they would be building a new large factory on N. 32<sup>nd</sup> St. north
of Spring Garden.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They continued to
develop improvement to artificial teeth but also became major suppliers of
almost everything related to dentistry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>After his death in 1922, the H. D. Justi company continued under his
son, Henry Martin Justi who lived at <a href="http://poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3311powelton.htm" target="_blank">3311 Powelton Ave</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(More on Justi’s initial invention and the
later family history is given in my earlier blog, “<a href="http://poweltonhistoryblog.blogspot.com/2009/07/occupation-manufactures-teeth.html" target="_blank">Occupation: “Manufactures Teeth</a>.”)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> <br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigBmwkEdKL_hTH0gtPfONBVC5vTFtphAGT7XMaV1qG5Voj_PiLXsOslfF3bb0vsU8zg_jm5MbJyT9nI8RSQWnTtD30qMRKkAl-WL2rezxMwtUZfQQaFAkJIiYOO3UIw1zLR7Agp-1LnkGL/s1600/Justi+HD+from+Philadelphia_and_Popular_Philadelphians-3-sm.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigBmwkEdKL_hTH0gtPfONBVC5vTFtphAGT7XMaV1qG5Voj_PiLXsOslfF3bb0vsU8zg_jm5MbJyT9nI8RSQWnTtD30qMRKkAl-WL2rezxMwtUZfQQaFAkJIiYOO3UIw1zLR7Agp-1LnkGL/s1600/Justi+HD+from+Philadelphia_and_Popular_Philadelphians-3-sm.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">N. 32nd and Spring Garden St.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The kind of
personal and business relationships between these arrivals from Marburg are
representative of ties that were, and are, common among immigrants from all
over the world.</span></div>
Douglas Ewbankhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12349790470228456581noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-701033672358258923.post-73784199471804162572015-02-15T15:58:00.000-05:002019-02-28T20:58:43.849-05:00Rev. William Speer: An Early Christian Missionary to the Chinese From about 1867 to 1875, Rev. William Speer, D.D., his wife, Elizabeth, and their three children lived at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3409hamilton.htm" target="_blank">3409 Hamilton St</a>. While here, he work for the Presbyterian Church of America as Corresponding Secretary of Education from 1865-1876. He brought to this work a rich history of working as a missionary first in China then among the Chinese immigrants in California.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivvI8WGsXJ5qtI7iXeYrG2WV2-2eEQwHBKKcDZfiw3ucrABSnLKv0i8y2CwdOwvN9xdCXPKIFo45PU0R1HMA8ZsK7iNaRIPHeLstKZnvX5wA9PmsDhHA0xXPpG0J1naH7qWHetqSCe2dX-/s1600/Speer+Rev+William+-+crop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivvI8WGsXJ5qtI7iXeYrG2WV2-2eEQwHBKKcDZfiw3ucrABSnLKv0i8y2CwdOwvN9xdCXPKIFo45PU0R1HMA8ZsK7iNaRIPHeLstKZnvX5wA9PmsDhHA0xXPpG0J1naH7qWHetqSCe2dX-/s1600/Speer+Rev+William+-+crop.jpg" width="228" /></a></div>
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At the time of Speer's birth, his grandfather and namesake was minister of the Presbyterian Church of Greensburg, Pa. (He was also the uncle of President Buchanan.) Speer studied medicine for a few years in addition to becoming a Presbyterian minister. His first wife died in 1847 not long after their marriage (possibly in childbirth). He left for China in December, 1848. He spent about four years as a missionary in Canton and became fluent in Cantonese. In 1852, he married Elizabeth B. Ewing in Allegheny Co., Pa. and they settled in San Francisco In 1853, he founded a mission that became the Presbyterian Church in
Chinatown, the oldest Asian-American Christian church
in North America. He visited new Chinese immigrants and Chinese mine workers and set up a dispensary to provide care to the Chinese. He also was founder and publisher of <i>The Oriental</i>, a Chinese language newspaper. He was a strong advocate of establishing schools for Chinese immigrant children, however, he supported using these schools to teach Christianity.<br />
Speer became an early supporter of Chinese immigration and opposed laws for Chinese exclusion. He offered strong economic arguments in favor of immigration, but his main focus was evangelizing. He hoped that Chinese who converted to Christianity would return to China and spread the faith.<br />
While in Philadelphia, Speer published two large volumes. The first, <i>The Oldest and Newest Empire: China and the United States</i> (1870), was a massive history of China and its culture. The second was <i>The Great Revival of 1800</i> (c1872). (Both are available for download from the <a href="http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Search/Home?lookfor=%22Speer,%20William,%201822-1904.%22&type=author&inst=" target="_blank">Haithi Trust</a>.)<br />
Speer's stay in Powelton overlapped with the that of the <a href="http://poweltonhistoryblog.blogspot.com/2011/09/fullerton-family-redux.html" target="_blank">Fullerton family</a> who lived a block away at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3307hamilton.htm" target="_blank">3307 Hamilton St</a>. They had been medical missionaries in India during the time Speer was in China. One can only imagine what experiences they shared with each other about their time as early American missionaries in two great, but very different, cultures..Douglas Ewbankhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12349790470228456581noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-701033672358258923.post-59681481175967699292015-01-18T11:51:00.000-05:002019-02-28T21:03:00.086-05:00Powelton's Army of Servants<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-size: 11.5pt;"> Running a Victorian household
was hard work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Powelton was fortunate to
have running water and gas for heating it but without electricity everything
required physical labor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Without vacuum
cleaners, floors were swept and washed and carpets were taken outside and
beaten.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Windows were often open in the
summer which allowed in dust and smoke from the streets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Until the development of Fels-Naptha about
1893, there was no good laundry soap.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There also were no electric wash machines.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Somebody had to empty chamber pots.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Almost every middle-class Victorian home in Powelton had
at least one servant. Almost all (97%) were female and most were young and unmarried. Seventy percent were under age 30 and half were 23 or younger.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1880, more
than half were Irish, either born in Ireland (42%) or native-born with a parent
born in Ireland (12%).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>About 17% were
non-Irish whites born in Pennsylvania and another 17% were black. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>There was a great deal of turnover of
servants which led to the well-known “servant problem” that “plagued” most
cities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Evidence from elsewhere suggests
that many servants left to work in factories.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Although the conditions in factories were often harsh, factory work
involved more regular (though long) hours and may have paid more. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Others left to get married.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For example, Julia Donavan emigrated from
Ireland in 1894 at age 16. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She started
her life in the U.S. as a servant for a small family in North
Philadelphia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At age 23, she married
Timothy Callahan, a contractor born in South Philadelphia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1910, they lived at 3632 Warren St.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> (just below Lancaster Ave.) </span>In 1919, they purchase <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3619powelton.htm" target="_blank">3619 Powelton Ave</a>.
(and the adjoining lot at 3618 Pearl St.) and moved in with their nine
children.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Julia still lived there in
1940 with four unmarried daughters and three grandchildren.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The family owned the house until 1951.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Washing
cloths was an arduous, messy process. There were no washer women living in
Powelton proper, but there were 39 nearby.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Most lived (and worked) just below Lancaster Ave. on the 3600 and 3700
blocks of Warren and Cuthbert St. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Many
of those houses were torn down to build the high school.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Forty percent were black and 40% were
foreign-born.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most were married to
laborers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For example, the Jackson
family lived at 3626 Warren St.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>George
was a 40 year-old mulatto laborer who had been unemployed for 5 months in the
previous year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His wife, Julia, was a
servant for another household.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their two
daughters, Annie and Hester (ages 20 and 19) took in wash.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hester was married to George Williams, a
laborer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They shared the house with
George and Hester Laws and their infant son.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>George was a mulatto cart driver who had been unemployed for 3 months
and five daughters, and an Irish servant girl.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Hester took in laundry.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>A few of the larger homes had several servants and had a
housekeeper to oversee the staff.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Deborah
Roberts was the housekeeper for the Scattergood household (<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3515powelton.htm" target="_blank">3515 Powelton Ave</a>.).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was born into a good Quaker family in Medford,
New Jersey in 1849, the daughter of Samuel H. Roberts, a farmer, and Abigail Haines.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1860, their family included four sons,
five daughters and an Irish servant girl.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In 1869, Samuel moved his family to Philadelphia where he became sexton
of the Arch St. Quaker Meeting House.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Deborah was housekeeper for the Scattergoods for more than 20
years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She oversaw (at least) two Irish
servant girls and a nurse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She retired
in the 1920s and in 1930 (when she was 80) lived with her sister, Margaretta
Roberts, as a boarder at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3609baring.htm" target="_blank">3609 Baring St</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>A few of the wealthiest families in Powelton had a coachman.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were generally black.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For example, the carriage house (<a href="http://poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3400pearl.htm" target="_blank">3400 Pearl St</a>.) behind the
Burnham’s mansion (<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3401powelton.htm" target="_blank">34<sup>th</sup> and Powelton</a>) was the home of the Hollians
family.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1900, William (age 53) was
the Burnham’s coachman and his second wife, Edith (35), and only child, Della
(14), worked as servants.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even with
electricity, the Burnhams needed four servant girls in 1920.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Around 1910, William Hollians left to buy his
own home and work as a gardener.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
carriage house then became the home of Fred and Anna Richter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fred was born in Germany.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anna was born in Austria; her parents were
ethnic Germans born in what became Czechoslovakia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fred was the Burnham’s chauffeur.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1940, they were still living in the
Burnham carriage house, but the main house had become an apartment house. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fred was a self-employed auto mechanic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His two daughters, Caroline (21) and Anna May
(19), were working as bookkeepers.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>These were a few of the
house servants who were listed in the censuses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They were just a fraction of the army of support personnel needed to
keep Powelton running.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Households
constantly received deliveries from grocery stores and coal dealers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were gardeners, livery drivers and
stable hands, messenger boys, street sweepers, lamp lighters, and other
miscellaneous support people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Without
electricity, telephones, and automobiles, Powelton’s streets must have been
swarming with a constant stream of pedestrians, peddlers, carts, carriages and
horse-drawn trolleys.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">[Tabulations of the 1880 census based on data from IPUMS-USA, University of Minnesota, www.ipums.org.]</span>Douglas Ewbankhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12349790470228456581noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-701033672358258923.post-39727099717425492262014-03-09T19:00:00.000-04:002019-02-28T21:06:18.640-05:00“The Door of Blessing” – Part 2: The Fate of the Block<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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The Door of Blessing opened at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3611baring.htm" target="_blank">3611 Baring St</a>. in May 1916. Its provided women recently released from prison a
temporary home, training for a new job and a chance to make a better life. It
appears that the neighbors were supportive of the home's goals but there were
very concerned about the potential impact on the neighborhood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A petition begun by Raymond G. Fuller and
Miss Mary Klemm had gathered more than 100 names in opposition. A large general
meeting held at St. Andrews Church across the street led to an offer to raise
funds to purchase 3611 plus additional funds to support the home at a different
location. However, Mrs. William C. Bullitt and the other organizers of the home
were undeterred.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In 1930,
the census shows the Door of Blessing with seven "inmates" ranging in
age from 19 to 62.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They included three
black women born in Virginia, an immigrant from Germany and one from Ireland.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The home was run by Gertrude Brown, 65 years
old, a single woman born in New York who had run it since at least 1920.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The house was sold in 1937 and became an
apartment house.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Who was
behind the petition to block the Door of Blessing and what was the effect of
the house on the 3600 block of Baring St.? Miss Mary Klemm was the 50 year-old
daughter of Mary Klemm who owned the large stone single at the corner of <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3619baring.htm" target="_blank">37th and Baring</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mrs. Klemm was the widow of
John Klemm, a manufacturer. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1918, she
sold the large single house at the corner of 37<sup>th</sup> and Baring to
Clare Tetlow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tetlow might not have met
Mrs. Bullitt’s standard for “decent people,” but she controlled the company
founded by her husband, Tetlow Manufacturing, a maker of cosmetics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1936, she sold the house to Dr. Hugh
McAdams who lived there until at least the mid-1950s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The other organizer was John Fuller, the son
of Dwight and Sarah Fuller who moved to <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/208n34th.htm" target="_blank">208 N. 34<sup>th</sup> St</a>. about
1887.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dwight Fuller was a dentist and
John followed in his footsteps.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However,
he gave up dentistry and became a real estate agent about 1914.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He rented at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3402baring.htm" target="_blank">3402 Baring</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His brother, Dwight B., took over the family house
lived there into the 1940s.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Next door, <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3613baring.htm" target="_blank">3613 Baring</a> was owned and occupied by Levi and Mary Fouse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After his death in 1914, Mary sold the house
in 1917.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was bought by Owen McGrath,
an Irish immigrant who was a saloon owner and liquor dealer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He lived there with his wife, seven children and
her mother and brother.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1931, it was
sold at Sheriff sale and became a rental.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Two houses
were already split into apartments by 1900: <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3616baring.htm" target="_blank">3616 Baring</a> and <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3624baring.htm" target="_blank">3624 Baring</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The others were either owner-occupied or were rented to a single
family.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1913, <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3604baring.htm" target="_blank">3604 became St.Andrew’s manse</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During the 1920s, two
houses were split into apartments.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
first to be converted was <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3610baring.htm" target="_blank">3610</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1900
it was rented to Dr. Belfry and his wife.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In 1908, the following ad appeared: “Apartments for gentlemen only;
homelike, southern exposure; moderate summer rates; porch, ‘phone.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, later that year it was sold to James
Boyd, a saloon owner and liquor dealer who lived there with his mother, sister
and brother into the 1920s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, by
1930, it was split into four apartments for three singles and a newlywed
couple.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The other
house that went from owner-occupied to apartments by 1930 is <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3620baring.htm" target="_blank">3620</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its transition was slightly different.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1915 it was owned by Thaddeus Zook, a 77
year-old single lawyer who lived there with his two unmarried sisters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All three died between 1916 and 1919.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The house was purchased by Frank Houston, a
theater manager.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He lived there with his
wife and two children and five lodgers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They sold it within a few years and it was divided into seven
apartments.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1930, there were 13
people living there.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
Another type of transition took
place at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3603baring.htm" target="_blank">3603</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From 1902-1922 it was the
home of Ellis Bacon and Helen Comly Bacon and their family (including future
city-planner, son Edmund).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both <a href="http://poweltonhistoryblog.blogspot.com/2009/07/four-generations-of-baconatkinsonellisc.html" target="_blank">Ellis and Helen had grown up in Powelton</a>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When
they moved to Delaware County in 1922, an ad for 3603 included the statement “Could
be changed to apartments."<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1923,
it was purchased by Robert Davies, a 50 year-old immigrant from England.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had 8 years of education and was a
secretary to a private family.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He lived
there with his wife, Florence, and daughter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>After his death, Florence sold the house in 1946.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, the entire time they lived there,
the house was divided into seven apartments. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJavBDlHH5xnQxhbMKmHKdjMnERO8uvyQrxJt6tDdGK6sUIYk37yWrfcDzVyQyvVDViBIWZBcgPKfI6MDBk-D1lX_9W6P2EVcsKjF8AY-HOuWKIlkZQ1irPZS5o8hvPJeuh6NpVtaCzsLU/s1600/3600blockBaring.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="467" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJavBDlHH5xnQxhbMKmHKdjMnERO8uvyQrxJt6tDdGK6sUIYk37yWrfcDzVyQyvVDViBIWZBcgPKfI6MDBk-D1lX_9W6P2EVcsKjF8AY-HOuWKIlkZQ1irPZS5o8hvPJeuh6NpVtaCzsLU/s1600/3600blockBaring.PNG" width="640" /></a></div>
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>These were
the only transitions to apartments between 1915 and 1930.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1930, half (9) were still owner-occupied
and one was rented to a single family. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Four
houses were owner-occupied but had apartments and five (28%) were just
apartments. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The balance changed during
the 1930s when four were split up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By
1940, 10 were apartments (including 3611); only 6 were owner-occupied.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The figure shows a relatively
steady pace of change from virtually all owner-occupied (89%) in 1900 to 30% in
1940. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>During the
period 1922-1940 some homes remained quite stable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3615baring.htm" target="_blank">3615 Baring</a> is a single home that was purchased
by the Atkins family in 1884.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They owned
the house until 1911.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1914, it was
purchased by Anna C.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Robertson a
51-year-old single woman who owned it without a mortgage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the censuses of 1920, 1930 and 1940, she
is listed as living there alone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was
sold by her estate in 1943.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3607baring.htm" target="_blank">3607 Baring</a>
also remained quite stable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was
purchased by John Price in 1903.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He died
in 1911 and his wife died in 1922.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
house was then sold to Joseph P.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Garvey,
a 41-year-old physician.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He and his
wife, Mary, raised their family there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He was still living there in 1950.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>George H.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hill, a 41-year-old
broker, purchased <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3601baring.htm" target="_blank">3601 Baring</a> in 1886.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>His son was still living there in 1950, 64 years later.</div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>There was no flight from
the Door of Blessing and no sudden rush to the suburbs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only the Bacon family moved out of the city.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most sales followed the death of an owner,
not flight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>New owner-occupiers moved
in.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, there was a steady trend
toward apartments probably driven by an aging house stock, the strain of the
Depression on ownership and the need for cheap housing</span>Douglas Ewbankhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12349790470228456581noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-701033672358258923.post-65974881129944339372014-03-09T15:34:00.000-04:002019-02-28T21:06:54.060-05:00“The Door of Blessing” and a Bit of NIMBY<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It was
almost Christmas, 1915 and “[r]esidents in the neighborhood of 36<sup>th</sup>
and Baring streets have risen in protest against the proposed location of a
home for fallen women, known as ‘The Door of Blessing,’ in the now vacant
property at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3611baring.htm" target="_blank">3611 Baring St</a>. in the midst of one of the city’s oldest and
most distinguished residential sections.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The protest started with a petition begun by Raymond G. Fuller (<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3402baring.htm" target="_blank">3402Baring St</a>.) and Miss Mary Klemm (<a href="http://poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3619baring.htm" target="_blank">3619 Baring St</a>.) that included nearly a
hundred names.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One argument used by
those opposed to placing the home at 3611 was that the deeds required that the
neighborhood be free from ‘stores, saloons or any other nuisance.’” (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ev Pub Ledger</i>, Dec. 21, 1915)</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The article
noted that “the institution is run and backed by a large committee of society
women.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mrs. William C. Bullitt,
president of the association, was firmly in charge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her father-in-law founded the law firm now
known as Drinker Biddle & Reath.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her
husband was a member of the firm and had died recently. George Wharton Pepper,
the treasurer, had founded the law firm of Pepper Hamilton and later served in
the U. S. Senate.</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Mrs.
Bullitt explained that “It is ridiculous all this tempest in a teapot about the
home.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It will be entirely inoffensive,
the girls will not be allowed to be on the porch or in sight and it will be
like an ordinary house….<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It could not
depreciate their properties any more than they are depreciated, for it is a
very poor neighborhood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Pennsylvania
Railroad ruined it years ago with the smoke and all the decent people moved
out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I don’t understand where they see
it as a good neighborhood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They threaten
they would sell their properties, but they could not, because they are worth nothing.”</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The article
noted that on this block of Baring all but two houses were owner-occupied. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Mrs. Edward Wilson, who lives at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3609baring.htm" target="_blank">3609 Baring street</a>… said she did not know whether they would move or not as they had just
made extensive repairs and alterations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mrs.
Harry Palmer, at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3613baring.htm" target="_blank">3613</a>, the other side of the proposed home, said... ’I have
small girls,’ she said, ‘and while the home will undoubtedly be orderly and
quiet, it is hardly the situation that I would select in which to raise two
children.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We would most probably move in
time.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Palmers were renters. </div>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif4o0LRAK6xe329cTcV4o6Cft4bu9R3yfyg4-CK3ne0I1R5gZUiWyUw6cUel-F_Wj-dxx9Mb8E7CzuFSzwZBB9mhjnoxJwjG3swmImSM0WC1dpKa4OZdzMFtmvZut3y8BzU6aXKCXMT7ob/s1600/3611+Baring+Door+of+Blessing+window+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif4o0LRAK6xe329cTcV4o6Cft4bu9R3yfyg4-CK3ne0I1R5gZUiWyUw6cUel-F_Wj-dxx9Mb8E7CzuFSzwZBB9mhjnoxJwjG3swmImSM0WC1dpKa4OZdzMFtmvZut3y8BzU6aXKCXMT7ob/s1600/3611+Baring+Door+of+Blessing+window+.jpg" width="186" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Leaded Window in door of Door of Blessing</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Door of
Blessing opened at 3611 in May, 1916 as a home for women recently released from
prison.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Miss A. M. Dupree explained
“[a]ny woman who wants to try again is welcome.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Every inmate comes of her own free will….<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our doors are open to women of any creed or
faith…<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are so many women who have
no place to go but back to the conditions that brought them to the prison.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The women shared the housework and mending
and making carpet rugs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each was taught
a trade and usually a position was found for her.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The home continued at this location for about
20 years.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Who were
the protestors?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Where they conservative
anti-progressives?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Did the block crumble
in the next 20 years?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> In the blog, </span>I’ll review the
evidence.</div>
Douglas Ewbankhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12349790470228456581noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-701033672358258923.post-4536555352478602422014-01-20T15:22:00.000-05:002019-02-28T21:08:43.767-05:00Powelton’s Suffragettes<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--> Poweltonians were a generally civic-minded group and were always involved in various social and political organizations. The women’s suffrage movement was no exception. Several Powelton women were prominent in the suffrage movement both locally in Pennsylvania and nationally. The story of the suffrage movement in Philadelphia was chronicled by Caroline Katzenstein (1876-1968) who was herself a key organizer of the movement. When passage of the 19th amendment was imminent, she resigned her position and became an agent for Equitable Life Insurance Co. In the 1920s, she moved to an apartment at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3411powelton.htm" target="_blank">3411 Powelton Ave</a>. where she lived until at least the 1950s. Her history of the suffrage movement in Philadelphia (<i>Lifting the Curtain</i>) includes information about the involvement of several Powelton residents. (See “<a href="http://poweltonhistoryblog.blogspot.com/2011/05/caroline-kateznstein-and-womans.html" target="_blank">Caroline Kateznstein and Woman's Suffrage</a>.”) <br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Caroline Katzenstein, c1914 (Temple Univ. Archives)</td></tr>
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The most senior of Powelton’s suffragists (the term they preferred to “suffragettes”) was Charlotte L. (Woodward) Peirce (1830-c1923). In 1848, she was 18 year-old girl living in central New York State when she attended the Seneca Falls Convention. She is often identified as a teacher at the time of the Convention. Apparently she had taught school when she was 15. However, in the summer of 1848, she helped earn money for her family by sewing gloves at home for a local glove factory. She later moved to Philadelphia and in 1857 and married Quaker dentist, Cyrus Newlin Peirce (later Dean of the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery). In 1869, she was named vice president of the new Pennsylvania Woman Suffrage Association. The Peirces moved to Powelton in 1892 and into their new home at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3316powelton.htm" target="_blank">3316 Powelton Ave</a>. in 1895. She remained active in suffrage politics throughout her life. She was the only signer of the Seneca Falls Declaration who lived long enough to vote under the 19th amendment, although it appears that her health prevented her from voting. She is the subject of a children's reader, "<a href="http://www.readinga-z.com/book.php?id=628" target="_blank">Meeting Mrs. Pierce</a>," which gives an introduction to women's suffrage. She was also a founder and long-time treasurer of the New Century Club and a founder of The Spring Garden Unitarian Society. <br />
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Charlotte L. Peirce and Caroline Katzenstein (<i>Lifting the Curtain</i>)</h4>
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Charlotte Peirce must have influenced many Powelton women, but Powelton women had been involved in women’s issues since at least 1876. (See “<a href="http://poweltonhistoryblog.blogspot.com/2009/07/advancement-of-women-1876.html" target="_blank">Advancement of Women, 1876</a>.”) Several women became active in reform politics through the New Century Club. The Club addressed problems facing working women and their children. Miss Mary A. Burnham (1852-?; <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3401powelton.htm" target="_blank">3401 Powelton Ave</a>.) was an active member. Katzenstein calls Burnham “one of the State’s most prominent Suffragists” and notes her knowledge of “political affairs.” In addition, “she was Pennsylvania’s outstanding financial supporter of the national suffrage movement.” As a daughter of George Burnham, a senior member of the partnership that owned Baldwin Locomotive Works, she was in a position to offer both financial and material support. In 1907, she gave $2,500 to the Susan B. Anthony memorial fund which was designed to meet the expenses of woman suffrage work for the next five years. In 1915 during the campaign to amend Pennsylvania’s constitution, she loaned the Equal Franchise Society a driver and automobile (termed the “Burnham Winner”) for three months. It was freshly painted in the movement’s colors with a purple body and yellow wheels. The “Burnham Winner” led of a string of 150 automobiles that were part of a pre-election parade up Broad St. During the election of 1916, Mary Burnham was the third largest donor to the National Woman’s Party. Her contribution of $2,300 was enough to buy about six Ford Model Ts. <br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><h4>
The "Burnham Winner" (<i>Evening Ledger</i>, July 29, 1914)</h4>
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Katzenstein relates an amusing story about Mary Burnham. As part of relations for the Equal Franchise League, Katzenstein organized a campaign to plaster posters throughout the city. To get press coverage, she asked three “older and socially prominent members” to join a “Poster Brigade.” Miss Burnham (and possibly fellow Poweltonian Mary Grice) made a brave effort to plaster a poster to a brick wall. Dressed in their long, black dresses they must have made a spectacle as Katzenstein notes they were not used to this kind of work. <br />
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Another member of the Burnham household also active in suffrage activities was Mrs. Katherine G. Halligan (1862-1928), a trained nurse. She was probably hired to assist George Burnham, but remained in the household long after his death. Katzenstein credits her with designing a moveable speaker’s platform, among other contributions. <br />
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Mary Burnham’s support of the suffrage movement was not her only foray into the politics of women in society. In 1912-’13 she was one of four women on the Mayor’s 22-member “Vice Commission.” The Commission investigated conditions in the Tenderloin district. It based its findings on the reports of an expert team hired to carry out what we would call an ethnographic survey of the area. The Commission’s findings were almost revolutionary. The traditional view held that men’s needs for gratification were lamentable, but understandable while condemnation; enforcement (to the extent there was any) was aimed at the women. The Commission soundly rejected this view. They also noted the large number of homes of “respectable” people living in the so-called “segregated district” and the large number of young children surrounded by the prevalent vice. Two other Poweltonians were members: Theodore J. Lewis (<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/212n34th.htm" target="_blank">212 N. 34th St</a>. and <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3405powelton.htm" target="_blank">3405 Powelton Ave</a>.) who was vice-chair (and Mary Burnham’s brother-in-law), and Joseph W. Cochran (<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3302baring.htm" target="_blank">3302 Baring St</a>.) who was the minister of the Northminster Presbyterian Church (<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3500baring.htm" target="_blank">35th & Baring</a>). <br />
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Another prominent suffragist was Mary (Mrs. Edwin C.) Grice who was a founder of the New Jersey National Congress of Women. She became vice president of the National Congress of Women which was led by Hannah Schoff (<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3418baring.htm" target="_blank">3418 Baring St</a>.). (See “<a href="http://poweltonhistoryblog.blogspot.com/2011/07/hannah-schoff-mother-of-nations.html" target="_blank">Hannah Schoff - The "Mother" of the Nation's Organized Mothers</a>” and “<a href="http://poweltonhistoryblog.blogspot.com/2011/07/hannah-schoff-in-her-own-words.html" target="_blank">Hannah Schoff In Her Own Words</a>.”) She was also active in the New Century Club. The Grices moved to Powelton (first 3308, then <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3318arch.htm" target="_blank">3318 Arch St</a>.) from N.J. about 1907. In 1914, Mary Grice headed a delegation of 20 Pennsylvania women to Washington where they met with legislators to push the House of Representatives to consider a suffrage amendment. The delegation included Mary Burnham and Maria Chase (Mrs. Thomas) Scattergood (<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3515powelton.htm" target="_blank">3515 Powelton Ave</a>.). Becoming active in the suffrage movement put Grice at odds with Schoff who believed that a woman’s influence should be through motherhood. However, many of the local units of the NCW did support suffrage, including the New Jersey chapter. <br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mrs. Edwin C. Grice</span></h4>
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Grice and Schoff differed over another important topic: organizing parents’ involvement in schools. Schoff turned the National Congress of Women into what became the PTA. Grice, on the other hand, was a leading organizer, and first president, of Philadelphia’s Home and School Association. She served as president from 1907 to 1919 and was a leading critic of the Board of Education. Philadelphia still has a Home and School Association rather than a PTA. Grice was also a prominent member of the Woman’s Peace Party of Pennsylvania, a leader of the Church Woman’s Housing Committee, and in 1918 served on the governor’s Old Age Pension Commission. Her husband, Edwin C, Grice was a leading founder of the Ethical Society. <br />
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These differences between neighbors remind us that Powelton’s suffragists were bold proponents of a new vision of women’s role in society. As with any new social movement, there are differences of opinion on the best way to proceed and these were all strong women with strongly held opinions.<br />
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(Note: Charlotte Woodward Peirce’s name is almost universally spelled incorrectly as “Pierce.” The spelling used here comes from her signature and other documents. Her date of death is generally given as 1921 or “c1921.” There is no notice of her death in the <i>Philadelphia Inquirer</i> through the end of 1922. Her name is still listed in Boyd’s Directory for 1923 which was generally complied the previous fall. She was not listed in the 1924 Directory. It appears likely that she died in 1923. Her age at the time of the Convention is often given as 18 or 19. The 1900 census lists here date of birth as January, 1830. )Douglas Ewbankhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12349790470228456581noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-701033672358258923.post-21903578642617813202014-01-19T11:28:00.001-05:002019-02-28T21:09:47.960-05:00The American Oncologic Hospital<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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The American Oncologic Hospital (AOH) was founded in 1904 as the first cancer hospital in the United States. It was "devoted exclusively to the treatment of cancer and other tumors, and research into the nature and causes of those affections." The charter for the AOH stated that patients would be admitted free of charge “without regard to race, creed, or color if such persons are in indigent circumstances.” Patients who could afford to pay would be admitted and their payments would be used to enlarge and maintain the hospital. At the time, few hospitals could care for cancer patients and the disease was considered incurable. One of the problems was the need to provide aseptic surgery. To treat cancer patients, hospitals would have to have a separate staff of physicians and nurses to guard against the infection of surgical wounds. (<i>Inquirer</i>, Nov. 11, 1904) <br />
<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">First Home of the American Oncologic Hospital, 45th and Chestnut Sts</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The first home of the AOH was at 45th and Chestnut streets in an early Victorian mansion. At the inauguration of the hospital, Dr. G. Benton Massey stated that there were already hospitals for sufferers of tuberculosis and other diseases, but cancer patients were neglected. “The sufferer from cancer alone has cried to deaf ears from the hovels of the poor, from the residences of the well-to-do, and from the palaces of the rich.” He emphasized the role the AOH would play in educating people about the potential dangers of “moles, warts, and other apparently harmless growths.” (<i>Inquirer</i>, Jan. 3, 1905) The AOH aimed to pursue several lines of research including both the “parasitic and the autocytic theories.” The former was a germ theory of cancer whereas the later ascribed cancer to nervous degeneration. Early stage surface tumors could be treated by “electric sterilization with electrolytic salts of mercury; by Rontgen rays, by emanations of radium, [or] by the knife….”(<i>Inquirer</i>, July 22, 1904) During 1905, the AOH admitted 106 patients include some from as far away as Iowa and Florida. <br />
<br />
The AOH quickly outgrew its first home. In 1906, Elizabeth Anderson, a thrifty domestic servant, donated $40,000 (the equivalent of almost $1 million today) which enabled the AOH to consider plans for expansion. Her estate, which totaled over $76,000, was donated to numerous causes, including $5,000 to Presbyterian Hospital and $1,000 to the Old Man’s Home at Powelton and Saunders Avenues. In 1911, the AOH purchased a stone mansion on a large plot of land at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3234powelton.htm" target="_blank">33rd St. and Powelton Avenue</a>. At the time, it was described as "one of the largest of the many fine residential properties in the section." In 1858, the mansion was the home of John C. Keffer, a writer and newspaper editor. In the early 1860s, he also ran a liquor store and distillery. At the end of the Civil War, Keffer moved his family to Montgomery, Alabama. As representative of the Union League in New York he played a central role in the early period of Reconstruction in that state. In the 1870s, he moved his family to Cleveland where he was an editor known for his large personal library. <br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><h3>
American Oncologic Hospital, 33rd and Powelton (1914 addition at left)</h3>
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For many decades, the mansion was the home of the family of Edward Lewis, a wholesale iron and steel merchant. He retired from business in 1876 at age 57 and for many years was the head of the property committee of the Philadelphia School Board. He was also on the board of the Women's Medical College – his daughter Bertha was a graduate. (His brother, Enoch Lewis, later moved to <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3405powelton.htm" target="_blank">3405 Powelton Ave</a>.) Edward died in 1901 and his wife, Elizabeth, died in 1903. In 1911, the family sold the mansion for $40,000 to the AOH which assumed a mortgage for $32,000. <br />
<br />
In 1914, the Oncologic Hospital began construction of a new two-story building. It included the finest operating room in the city, special facilities for x-ray and radium treatments and eight additional beds. The AOH was a leader in research -- particularly the use of x-ray and radium in treating tumors. The new building contained the radium therapy which had previously caused problems for the x-ray work. An article in the <i>Inquirer</i> at the time explained that “[f]or some time past it has been the custom at this institution to treat cancer by placing the radium on the tumor, rather than injecting it into the body as is done in some instances.” <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk8UjjrRZpxmCO5XSKdPs4j41GJEk5odovept_mvsyY715g6VUJE50W3wcaw2cyREEJc9ewtkULr3Svxjox9RX9ScJ7JDR1xUOoHXN_lrG2MuQcohW2LJTH9uMjJhU3S9ZhL0rAyLqAL11/s1600/newcomet-0-l.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk8UjjrRZpxmCO5XSKdPs4j41GJEk5odovept_mvsyY715g6VUJE50W3wcaw2cyREEJc9ewtkULr3Svxjox9RX9ScJ7JDR1xUOoHXN_lrG2MuQcohW2LJTH9uMjJhU3S9ZhL0rAyLqAL11/s1600/newcomet-0-l.jpg" width="237" /></a></div>
One of the leading experts in the use of radium was Dr. William S. Newcomet who did much of his early work at the AOH. Newcomet’s father, Henry Walborn Neukomet, was on the medical faculty at Penn. When he died in 1885 at age 46 Elizabeth Neukomet went to with their three children to Germany. William attended the University of Berlin (1888-1889) where he studied chemistry and microbiology. On the family’s return in 1890, they moved to 3229 Powelton Ave. and William attended medical school at the University of Pennsylvania. In 1899, he purchased <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3501baring.htm" target="_blank">3501 Baring St</a>. where he and his wife lived for more than 50 years. They had two children, one of whom died in infancy. Newcomet wrote the first comprehensive book in English on the use of radium in treating tumors (1914). Beginning in 1915, his primary appointment was Director of the Lucy B. Henderson Foundation for Radiation Therapy at Jefferson Medical College. <br />
<br />
In 1930, the University of Pennsylvania received an anonymous donation of $210,000 to a fund for cancer research created in 1928 by Irenee du Pont. (As a child, she lived at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3500powelton.htm" target="_blank">3500 Powelton Ave</a>.) The funds were used to equip a new clinic at the AOH for modern diagnosis and treatment of tumors. Continuing the focus on surface cancers, the chief of the clinic was Dr. George M. Dorrance, Professor of Maxillo-facial surgery at the Penn School of Dentistry. (<i>NYT</i>, Jan. 26, 1930) <br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><h3>
Brady A. Hughes, Sr. Using the "Radium Pack," to Treat a Patient</h3>
<h3>
at the American Oncologic Hospital in the 1930s.</h3>
</td></tr>
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The American Oncologic Hospital remained a leader in the use of radium for decades. In 1935, it was one of only seven institutions in the U.S. to offer “radium pack” or “teleradium” therapy which allowed treatment of inner organs without burning the skin. <i>The New York Times</i> explained that the teleradium employed “portions of radium held in place by a disk, protected by a covering of lead six inches thick, with a small opening through which the radium rays pass…. The value of the radium pack… is that it permits the use of the ‘hardest’ gamma rays, those that penetrate most deeply into the body, while at the same time it permits the filtering out of the ‘soft’ gamma rays, which injure the skin.” (<i>NYT</i>, June 9, 1935)<br />
<br />
The radium used in the treatments was very expensive. In
1932, <i>The New York Times</i> reported that a new cleaning woman at the AOH
had accidently swept four needles containing radium into the trash.
They were valued at $30,000. Three of the needles were recovered.<br />
<br />
<br />
In 1967, the American Oncologic Hospital built a new path-breaking
“patient-centered” hospital and joined with the Institute for Cancer
Research to form Fox Chase Cancer Center. Today the buildings at 33rd and Powelton belong to
Drexel University. Douglas Ewbankhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12349790470228456581noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-701033672358258923.post-72472396896787100562013-07-01T14:46:00.000-04:002019-02-28T21:10:19.586-05:00Reporting from Gettysburg: Josiah R. Sypher<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Today marks
the 150<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The battle was covered by about 45 newspaper
reporters who competed to get stories to their papers as fast as possible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The New York <i>Tribune</i> had nine reporters at
Gettysburg and managed to secure a telegraph line to Baltimore which was a
great advantage during the first days of fighting.</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>One of the reporters
covering Gettysburg for the <i>Tribune</i> was Josiah R. Sypher.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The 1899 edition of <i>Who’s Who in America</i> included
the following entry:</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“Sypher,
Josiah Rhinehart, lawyer; b. Liverpool, Perry Co., Pa., April 12, 1832; grad.
Union Coll., 1858; read law with Thaddeus Stevens, Lancaster, Pa.; admitted to
bar, 1862; was war correspondent New York Tribune in the war of the rebellion;
since the war has practiced law in Philadelphia, his specialty being
copyrights, trade marks and patents.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Author: <a href="http://books.google.com/books/about/History_of_the_Pennsylvania_Reserve_Corp.html?id=MXkFAAAAQAAJ" target="_blank">Pennsylvania Reserve Corps</a> [1865]; History of Pennsylvania
[1868]; History of New Jersey; etc.”</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>After the
War, Josiah settled in Philadelphia with his wife, Alice (Maxwell) Sypher.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From about 1869 to 1875, they lived at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3620baring.htm" target="_blank">3620Baring St</a>. with Alice’s sister, Mary G. W. Maxwell, who owned the house.</div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>One
interesting piece of reporting by Sypher stemmed from interviews he did with
members of the German-speaking members of the 11 Corps following the Battle of Gettysburg.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He reported in the <i>Tribune</i> that more than 300 of their
members had fallen from attacks by sharpshooters and skirmishers on July 3<sup>rd</sup>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They believed there were about a dozen
snipers hidden inside a brick building on Baltimore St.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sharpshooters were a relatively new phenomenon
resulting from the development of more accurate rifles and Syypher reported sharpshooting
had become “a serious service in battle.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He went on to describe a dilemma that has become a common feature in battles involving house-to-house combat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He stated that “The
house might have been destroyed, but in doing this many others in town would
have been damaged. It is a question, however, whether the whole town is worth the
lives it cost to save it.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(see: Timothy
J. Orr. <a href="http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/gett/gettysburg_seminars/12/essay3.pdf" target="_blank">“Sharpshooters Made a Grand Record This Day”</a> Combat on the Skirmish
Line at Gettysburg on July 3.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gettysburg
National Military Park.) </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Sypher became the <i>Tribune</i>'s correspondent with the Army of the Potomac. Some of his reporting about the War around Lancaster is summarized in the blog <a href="http://www.lancasteratwar.com/search/label/Sypher" target="_blank"><i>Lancaster at War</i></a> which includes the following picture of Sypher taken with the </span>Lancaster - Company B, 1st Penna. Reserves in 1863.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0G4HxM1JdXsKC31CEQ_5wKALBxa_iPTe-LJ0gj9E5LEnmr5oHJS6dIoSD9W_L2jAmAEOmcN4vcdGBgTDtW73VhKZWoI3HAMKF_YxnWlYkn5ciVL_zuOSowOVTwmsW-ISuRLR7IJ3uVulM/s520/Sypher+(suspected)+Detail.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0G4HxM1JdXsKC31CEQ_5wKALBxa_iPTe-LJ0gj9E5LEnmr5oHJS6dIoSD9W_L2jAmAEOmcN4vcdGBgTDtW73VhKZWoI3HAMKF_YxnWlYkn5ciVL_zuOSowOVTwmsW-ISuRLR7IJ3uVulM/s400/Sypher+(suspected)+Detail.jpg" width="307" /></a></div>
<br />Douglas Ewbankhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12349790470228456581noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-701033672358258923.post-78769487639911266122013-04-05T15:53:00.000-04:002019-02-28T21:11:32.087-05:00The West Philadelphia Hospital for Women<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
founding of the West Philadelphia Hospital for Women was largely the work of
Dr. Elizabeth Comly (1842-1912).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was
the daughter of Emmor Comly and Hannah Bowman of Byberry, Philadelphia Co. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had a farm at what is now the intersection
of Comly Rd. and Academy Rd.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1880, Elizabeth
lived at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3720springgarden.htm" target="_blank">3720 Spring Garden St</a>. with her sister and brother-in-law, Joshua R.
and Deborah Howell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was 37 years old
and on the medical staff of Woman's Medical College.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her sister died
at age 46 in 1882. About 1886, Elizabeth and Joshua moved to <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3404springgarden.htm" target="_blank">3404 Spring Garden St</a>. They married in 1888 and Elizabeth added
his name to her’s.</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dr. Comly
Howell was very aware that women “had indeed awakened to the fact that she has
more to do in this world than simply to see that her home is well ordered and
attractive…”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In a lecture published in 1878 entitled “Women’s Work,” she outlined the professional advances made by
women in many fields.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, she noted
that:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“In no field of labor have woman met with more
opposition than in the practice of medicine. [Many] … feared the woman would be
lost in the physician.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But… by indefatigable efforts, hospitals were
founded, in a few years, in New York, Boston and Philadelphia, and scores of
young women have had clinical practice in America and received diplomas. But
the older and richly-endowed medical colleges have not generously opened their
doors to women.” (<a href="http://archive.org/details/quarterlyreporto47" target="_blank"><i>Quarterly Report of the Pennsylvania Board of Agriculture</i></a>, 1878: 92-7.)</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The origin
of the West Philadelphia Hospital for Women was described in a report of its
Board of Managers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>"In May, 1889,
five women met in the parlor of Dr. Comly-Howell [<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3404springgarden.htm" target="_blank">3404 Spring Garden St</a>.] to
discuss the possibility of establishing in West Philadelphia a hospital and dispensary
for women under the care of women…. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Poor
people in this locality were often unable to avail themselves of the much
appreciated benefits of the Woman's Hospital… on account of the distance and
limit of time they could afford from their homes. None of the various hospitals
already established offered a place where women could be treated by women, and
this desired end was freely discussed at the above meetings. All were in favor
of this undertaking, but some were doubtful, afraid to take so great a
responsibility without a penny for their treasury. Courage was soon gained,
however, and this was largely due to the strong nature of Dr. Comly-Howell,
who, in every objection urged or doubt expressed, maintained a serenity and
confidence that was in itself an inspiration."</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The West
Philadelphia Hospital for Women opened in 1889 at the northeast corner of N. 41<sup>st</sup>
and Ogden Streets in a private house converted for treating out-patients and
with 10 beds for in-patients.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It later expanded
through the block to Parrish St.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> and a training school for nursing began in 1890. </span>Dr.
Comly Howell was responsible for deliveries east of 37<sup>th</sup> St.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dr. Elizabeth L. Peck, another doctor at the
Hospital, also lived for a time at 3404 Spring Garden St.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Other Powelton residents who were founding members were Mary
Sellers Bancroft (<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3417hamilton.htm" target="_blank">3417 Hamilton St</a>.), her daughter, Elizabeth Parrish (3407
Spring Garden), Anna Williams Dreer (<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/101n33rd.htm" target="_blank">101 N. 33<sup>rd</sup> St</a>.), Emma B. Foulke (<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3403hamilton.htm" target="_blank">3403 Hamilton St</a>.), Helen Marot (<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/317n33rd.htm" target="_blank">317 N. <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">33<sup>rd</sup>
</span>St</a>.), Sarah M. W. Sellers (<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3300arch.htm" target="_blank">3300 Arch St</a>.) and Miss Mila
F. Smith (218 N. 32<sup>nd</sup> St.).</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dr. Comly
Howell continued serving women in the neighborhood until the late 1890s when
she and her husband moved to Chester County where he was a farmer and she
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
Hospital merged with the Women’s Hospital of Philadelphia in 1929.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It continued to handle maternity cases in the
area.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1964, Women’s Hospital was
absorbed by the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The<a href="http://archives.drexelmed.edu/collect/acc/1-20.php" target="_blank"> records of the Hospital</a> are now part of the
Archives of Drexel University.</div>
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<br /></div>
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(A shorter version of this appeared in the <i>Powelton Post</i>, March, 2012.)</div>
Douglas Ewbankhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12349790470228456581noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-701033672358258923.post-21586716806969538952013-02-02T14:40:00.003-05:002019-02-28T21:12:00.527-05:00"I am in part the representative…of those whose rights are denied”<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>When Anna Miller
purchased <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3405hamilton.htm" target="_blank">3405 Hamilton St</a>. in 1921, she became one of Powelton’s first homeowners
of color.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anna and Thomas E. Miller moved
here from South Carolina in 1921 when she was about 66 years old and he was
about 71.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their lives had been centered on
their choice to live in the South as blacks after the Civil War.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqVQqymgFGLiZDW7ad8tOyBO4PPE5T0AdrbajqizB_LfeipV45Zj9pFDKwq3LW5Pikyb3GyM4z_mUOOOHPR9i7_tM3VcKuPToLnW-whrXc1k8JCiC78nKJkzfdwgKthIoHfO1rNEGM80ZX/s1600/Miller,+TE.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqVQqymgFGLiZDW7ad8tOyBO4PPE5T0AdrbajqizB_LfeipV45Zj9pFDKwq3LW5Pikyb3GyM4z_mUOOOHPR9i7_tM3VcKuPToLnW-whrXc1k8JCiC78nKJkzfdwgKthIoHfO1rNEGM80ZX/s320/Miller,+TE.jpg" width="288" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><h3>
<b>Thomas E. Miller (1849-1938) </b></h3>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Thomas Ezekiel
Miller was born in South Carolina in 1849.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It is likely that three of his grandparents were white.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was adopted at birth by Richard Miller, a
freed slave.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was light enough to have
“passed as white” in the North, but he chose to live as a man of color in his
native state.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When he died in 1938, his
obituary in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Journal of Negro History</i>
described him as “one of the most useful men of his time.” </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>When he was
a child, the Millers moved to Sumter, S.C. and sent him to a school for free
blacks. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His mother died when he was 9
years old and he had to go to work as a newspaper boy to support himself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the end of the Civil War he ended up in
New York State.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The story about how that
came about has been summarized in many confusing ways.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The clearest version appears in an interview
with him during the 1930s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He explained that</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“[he] was placed in charge of delivering the paper to all
stations between Charleston and Savannah, Ga. on the Savannah Railroad, and
remained in service until 1864, when he was made Assistant Conductor of the
railroad. He wore the Confederate uniform, for all public works were owned and
operated by the federal [i.e., Confederate] government. In the early part of
1865, the train was captured by the Yankees to the South of Harleyville, and he
was placed into prison in the stockade river swamp, at Savannah Georgia, and
remained there for two weeks. The few persons [who] survived were moved to the
Savannah Hospital, where he also went. When he was released from the hospital,
he went to Hilton Head en route to Harts Island, N.Y. with the N. Y. 24<sup>th</sup>
Negro Regiment, and from there to Hudson, N. Y. and returned to Charleston in
1866.” </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
Before returning to Charleston,
Miller studied for nine months at a school in Hudson. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He soon returned north to study at Lincoln
University where he graduated in 1872.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After
returning again to South Carolina, he was appointed School Commissioner in
Beaufort County.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His first important
political battle was to get black teachers into the city schools.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was elected the state House of
Representative in 1874, 1876, and 1878 and to the state Senate in 1880.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While in the legislature, he studied at the
Law School of the State University.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
graduated with the last class graduated before blacks were barred from
attending.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He also received law training
under P. L. Wiggins, the state solicitor, and Franklin J. Moses, Sr., Chief Justice
of the South Carolina Supreme Court.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was
admitted to the bar in 1879.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In 1888, Miller
ran for the U.S. House.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The election was
disputed but he was finally seated by the Republican Congress in September,
1890.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He only served for a few weeks
before he had to return home to campaign for re-election.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Another contested election followed, but this
time a Democratic Congress refused to hear his case. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1895, he was elected to the South Carolina
Constitutional Convention along with five other blacks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was at this convention that the poll tax
and literacy tests were introduced which effectively barred blacks from voting.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>During the
years following the end of Reconstruction, the black population of South
Carolina needed leaders with Miller’s legal training and rhetorical skills who
would fight for their rights.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Miller was
constantly reminded of his light complexion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The white press referred to him derisively as “Canary Bird” Miller and some
black opponents accused him of merely taking advantage of the opportunities for
blacks during Reconstruction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Despite
this, he chose to become a champion of the rights of blacks and an outspoken
critic of those who used fear to secure white domination of South
Carolina.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His education and speaking
ability made him an especially important asset for the black community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For example, he was the best educated of the
black delegates at the Constitutional Convention of 1895.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, the valiant defense of black rights
made by Miller and others failed to stop the disenfranchisement of blacks.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>At the 1895
Constitutional Convention, Miller’s role was to eloquently challenge the notion
that blacks were an alien group intent on dominating the state.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He reviewed the common history shared by
blacks and whites, defended actions of black legislators during Reconstruction,
and pointed out that many white legislators relied on black votes for their
election. He did not, however, hesitate to speak harsh truths.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At one point he challenged the “Lost Cause”
view of the Civil War stating:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The majority of you
blame the poor Negro for the humility inflicted upon you during that conflict,
but he had nothing to do with it. It was your love of power and your supreme
arrogance that brought it upon yourselves. You are too feeble to settle up with
the government for that grudge. This hatred has been centered on the Negro and he
is the innocent sufferer of your spleen.” </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Miller was a strong advocate of universal suffrage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He noted the effects a poll tax would have on
poor whites and he was one of a small minority at the convention to vote for woman’s
suffrage. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>After the
end of the Constitutional Convention, Miller turned his sights once again on
education.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In exchange for promising to
leave politics, Miller secured the separation of the Colored Normal,
Industrial, Agricultural and Mechanical College of South Carolina (now the State
College of South Carolina) from Methodist-owned Claflin College.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He demanded that “only Southern men or women
of the Negro race be on the faculty.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
was appointed the school’s president by the all-white Board of Trustees.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The college was poorly funded and for a
decade lacked running water, sewers, electricity and central heat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During its early decades, State College was
not really a college; most of its students were in primary and second
grades.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It provided teaching licenses
and basic training in agriculture including how to care for cows and make a
compost heap.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many black leaders of the
time, including Booker T. Washington, believed this kind of education was what
was most needed for blacks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, the
Board of Trustees maintained tight control over all aspects of the school including
decisions about the curriculum.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
College did not grant a real bachelor’s degree until 1925.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Miller served as president until 1911 when he
was forced to resign following his outspoken opposition to the election of Governor
Coleman Blease.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Miller’s opposition to
Blaise was not surprising given Blaise’s position on the education of
blacks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For example, Blaise once stated
that the efforts to educate blacks were actually detrimental because “you are
ruining a good plow hand and making a half-trained fool.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After resigning, Miller resumed his law
practice and looked after other business interests.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBpiDmcsqtNalR9T8un8HVsy1F7L1-EQkVVakDau6iVuQtkvMXNe_OwJJZPfDOW_OG6QdkU9cJyg5VGEnq4rqdESDCK-jREGA4PxFWq9pMLBSzFJKLCsuNxbcO13hEUfGgiN1Bxc6VMfAr/s1600/Maxwell,+CW+c1953.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBpiDmcsqtNalR9T8un8HVsy1F7L1-EQkVVakDau6iVuQtkvMXNe_OwJJZPfDOW_OG6QdkU9cJyg5VGEnq4rqdESDCK-jREGA4PxFWq9pMLBSzFJKLCsuNxbcO13hEUfGgiN1Bxc6VMfAr/s320/Maxwell,+CW+c1953.JPG" width="226" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><h3>
<b>Dr. Charles W. Maxwell</b></h3>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Thomas
Miller and Anna Hume were married in Charleston, S.C. in 1874.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>They had nine children, two of whom died young.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They moved to Powelton about 1921 (a) with
their daughter, Pansy, and her husband, Dr. Charles W. Maxwell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maxwell was a 1904 graduate of the Medical
School at Howard University.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He ran his medical practice at 616 S.15th St.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> and out of his home.
</span>At the time, there were few
blacks living in Powelton. The first black homeowner in Powelton may have been
Bessie G. Johnson, wife of Fields Johnson, who bought 320 N. 31<sup>st</sup>
St. in 1919.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1920, the numerous other
black residents on 31<sup>st</sup> and 32<sup>nd</sup> streets were all
renters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1930, most residents east of
33<sup>rd</sup> St. were black renters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>West
of 33<sup>rd</sup> St. virtually all Powelton residents were white with the
exception of a few servants and this remained true throughout the 1930s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(The exceptions were Summer and Winter
streets where all of the residents were black in 1940.)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Why did
Anna and Thomas Miller choose to leave South Carolina for Philadelphia?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why did they choose Powelton rather than an
established black neighborhood as the Maxwells later did?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We may never know.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The move to Philadelphia may have been
precipitated by Pansy and Charles Maxwell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Also, Philadelphia – and particularly Powelton - may have offered a
quiet retirement away from the harshness of life in South Carolina after
WWI.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thomas Miller wrote several
manuscripts based on his experiences in South Carolina politics which he may
have written during his years here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(It
appears these were never published.)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In the
early 1930s, the Millers returned to Charleston where Ann died in 1936.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The house in Powelton was inherited jointly
by Pansy Maxwell (who had no children) and the five children of Pansy’s sister,
Marguerite E. Edwards of Atlantic City, N.J.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Pansy and Charles Maxwell moved to S. 15<sup>th</sup> St. in the late
1930s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He remained a prominent physician
in the black community until his death in 1959.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
Thomas Miller died in Charleston in
1938.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The inscription on his tombstone reads “I
served God and all the people, loving the white man not less, but the Negro
needed me most.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Some sources differ on
the exact quote.) </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Notes:</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Most sources state 1923.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, they purchased the house in
1921.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An article in the Philadelphia
Tribune on March 1, 1924 stated that: “<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Ex-Congressman Miller is a celebrated character in Philadelphia, where he
has lived for a number of years….”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
I generally do not devote so much
space in this blog to the lives of individual before they lived in
Powelton.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The case of Thomas E. Miller
is unusual.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have not found a real
biography of him nor a full appreciation of his role in South Carolina’s
history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The numerous short biographical
sketches include many inconsistencies and inaccuracies that are now easily
corrected with readily available sources.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I hope this brief blog will serve to correct some of these inaccuracies
and stimulate more interest in his life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Here are a few of the resources I used for this piece:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
Anonymous (1938). "Thomas E.
Miller." <i>Journal of Negro History</i> 23(3): 400-402.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
Anonymous (1935). Recalls Stirring
Incidents in Life of Thomas E. Miller, Veteran of Reconstruction Days.
<i>Philadelphia Tribune</i>. Philadelphia Pennsylvania: 5.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
Ladson, Augustus (1936-1937).<a href="http://digital.tcl.sc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/wpafwp/id/1999/rec/1" target="_blank">Ex-Congressman Thomas Ezekiel Miller</a>. WPA Federal Writers' Project on African
American Life in South Carolina. WPA_K_1_1_065070. Charleston County, University of South
Carolina.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
Tindall, G. B. (1952). "The
Question of Race in the South Carolina Constitutional Convention of 1895."
<i>Journal of Negro History</i> 37(3): 277-303.</div>
Douglas Ewbankhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12349790470228456581noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-701033672358258923.post-60431981271356324962012-10-24T13:14:00.000-04:002019-02-28T21:14:07.710-05:00Fifth Generation PoweltoniansIn an earlier post (<a href="http://poweltonhistoryblog.blogspot.com/2011/06/of-church-and-family.html" target="_blank">Of Church and Family</a>), I discussed the long ties between the Andrews and Alexander families and the <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3500baring.htm" target="_blank">Northminster Presbyterian Church</a>. At the end of that piece, I noted that Julian and Virginia Alexanders' two children (Julian, Jr. and Louisa) were the great-grandchildren of four Poweltonians: Alexander and Amelia Andrews and Horace and Mary Hill. I have recently discovered that that is only half of the story.<br />
<br />
Seven of Julian and Louisa Alexanders' eight great-grandparents lived in Powelton. The eighth died in 1858 before people began to move into the neighborhood. In addition, one of their great-great-grandmothers also lived here.<br />
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Ancestors of Julian and Louisa Alexander<br />
with Home Addresses in Powelton</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(click to enlarge)</div>
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As I described previously, Julian and Louisa's great-grandparents, Alexander and Amelia Andrews, were among the earliest residents of Powelton. They purchased <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3507baring.htm" target="_blank">3507 Baring St</a>. in December, 1859. Alexander had recently begun trading grain and became quite successful. However, they bought the house with money from a trust set up for Amelia and her siblings when their parents died quite young. Amelia died in 1873 at age 50. Alexander sold 3507 in 1882 and died five years later at the home of his daughter and son-in-law, E. P. Alexander.<br />
<br />
Julian and Louisa's paternal grandparents, Euretta Andrews and Edward P. Alexander, married in 1874 and moved into a new home at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/306n35th.htm" target="_blank">306 N. 35th St</a>. Edward and his siblings, Charles, Josephine, and Henry moved to Philadelphia from New Hampshire in the 1860s. In 1867, they founded Alexander Brothers, manufacturers of industrial leather belts. The brothers purchased a new home at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3626baring.htm" target="_blank">3626 Baring St</a>. in 1869. Their father, Lemuel Alexander (another great-grandfather of Julian and Louisa), joined them sometime in the 1870s. He died in 1883. Euretta and Edward lived at 306 for 48 years before selling it in 1922. Euretta died the next year and E. P. died in 1927.<br />
<br />
Euretta and Edward's youngest child, Julian, married Virginia Hill in 1914. Virginia (Julian, Jr. and Louisa's mother) was the granddaughter of Horace and Mary Wiggins Hill. Like the Alexander family, Horace Hill's family was from New Hampshire and Maine. He was born in Pennsylvania, but his parents and his older siblings were born in New England. In 1860, Horace and Mary were living at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3504hamilton.htm" target="_blank">3504 Hamilton St</a>. with their newborn son, Horace G. Hill. About 1861, they moved to <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3405hamilton.htm" target="_blank">3405 Hamilton St</a>. Mary's mother (Julian and Louisa great-great-grandmother), Elizabeth Wiggins, lived with them from before 1870 until her death in 1886. In 1894, Horace Hill retired as assistant cashier for the Philadelphia National Bank where he had worked for 39 years. The next month, the couple sailed for Europe where they were to spend the next two years traveling. On their return, they moved out to Belmont Ave.<br />
<br />
The Hill's son, Horace G. Hill, was a 1882 graduate of Jefferson Medical College. In 1886, he married Maria L. Bennett. Her parents, Joseph S. Bennett and Virginia Grier (or Greer) Bennett, moved their family to <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3519hamilton.htm" target="_blank">3519 Hamilton St</a>. in 1870. Joseph was a wholesale druggist but his changing occupation suggests he might have suffered financial setbacks. In 1880, they were living with Virginia's cousins at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3410race.htm" target="_blank">3410 Race St</a>. When Horace and Maria were married in 1886, they moved to <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3416baring.htm" target="_blank">3416 Baring St</a>. and Joseph and Virginia Bennett moved in with them. Joseph died in 1892. Both Horace G. Hill and his mother-in-law, Virginia Bennett, died in 1901. Maria Hill apparently had to make adjustments for the loss of her husband's income. She first moved with her three children to the smaller <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3419hamilton.htm" target="_blank">3419 Hamilton St</a>. and about ten years later, she downsized again moving to <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/409n36th.htm" target="_blank">409 N. 36th St</a>.<br />
<br />
The Hill family was living on 36th St. in 1914 when Virginia Hill and Julian Alexander were married. However, Virginia and Julian grew up just around the corner from each other. Virginia Hill's father died just before her 14th birthday. After their wedding, Virginia and Julian moved to <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3417race.htm" target="_blank">3417 Race St</a>. where Julian, Jr. and Louisa were born. Virginia's mother, Louisa Hill, lived with them. Julian worked in the family business. Tragically Julian, Sr. died in the 1930s when he was only in his 40s.<br />
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Julian and Louisa Alexander lived on Race St. with their mother into the 1940s, eighty years after their ancestors first arrived here. (Virginia lived there until her death in 1949.) They grew up about two blocks from where their parents were raised. When they walked up 35th St. on their way to church on Sundays, they walked past the home that their Alexander grandparents built. The church was right across Baring St. from the house their Alexander great-grandparents built in 1859. All of their great-grandparents were raised within four blocks of the house on Race St.. This geographic clustering of multiple generations was seen in farming communities in the early twentieth century and it might have happened in some other urban areas, but five generations in one small urban neighborhood could not have been common. The clustering of generations in this family and a few other extended families (for example, the McIvain and Sellers families) helped define Powelton as a distinct neighborhood and played an important role in establishing the sense of community that continues to this day.Douglas Ewbankhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12349790470228456581noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-701033672358258923.post-55642730374026089262012-08-04T11:35:00.000-04:002019-02-28T21:14:44.360-05:00Sherman Hemsley (1938-2012)<br />
<br />
Sherman Hemsley, best known for his role as George Jefferson on “All in the Family” and “The Jeffersons” died last week. After leaving the Army, Hemsley lived at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3301baring.htm" target="_blank">3301 Baring St</a>. for about eight years while working the midnight shift at the 30th St. Post Office and pursuing his acting career.<br />
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Powelton has always been a mixture of long-term owners and renters and short-term renters, lodgers, and boarders. Many come and go without engaging in the neighborhood while others become known parts of the community. Hemsley was apparently one of the latter. In January, 1965, the <i>Powelton Post</i> included the following: <br />
<br />
“SHERMAN HEMSLEY HAS LEADING ROLE IN ‘THE BLACKS’” <br />
“Sherman Hemsley, 3301 Baring St., plays Archibald in Jean Genet’s ‘The Blacks’ at the Society Hill Playhouse, 507 S. 8th St. Mr. Hemsley's previous acting experience has been in ‘Under the Yum Yum Tree’ and ‘Pearlie Victorious’ for Theatre 14, Philadelphia's all Negro theatre group.” <br />
<br />
It was his role in “The Blacks” that got him noticed in New York and his role in “Pearlie” on Broadway landed him an audition for the role of George Jefferson. In September, 1967, the <i>Philadelphia Tribune </i>reported that Hemsley had been selected to join the prestigious Negro Ensemble, Co. in New York. He had put in for a transfer to the New York Post office, but apparently didn’t need that gig for long. <br />
<br />Douglas Ewbankhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12349790470228456581noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-701033672358258923.post-56987256607503264882012-06-09T11:30:00.000-04:002019-02-28T21:16:10.910-05:00The Horse Trader’s Son and the Elocutionist’s Daughter: The Kendircks of Powelton<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYSGxEVS56ati_-S5rBfhlJjXl2r50TIC5WZvXldAC8nEMIh7G6Bgw2LLb2cMA4-hNz96evNmtHkqPJDBIriZc6qJ7FtbFzTF5QosfJww3rQq58k5lkmMg7HSq0dZdXckzi3VycVDkcbJl/s1600/Minnie_Kendrick.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYSGxEVS56ati_-S5rBfhlJjXl2r50TIC5WZvXldAC8nEMIh7G6Bgw2LLb2cMA4-hNz96evNmtHkqPJDBIriZc6qJ7FtbFzTF5QosfJww3rQq58k5lkmMg7HSq0dZdXckzi3VycVDkcbJl/s320/Minnie_Kendrick.jpg" width="232" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Minnie Murdoch Kendrick</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>George and
Minnie Kendrick moved to <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3404hamilton.htm" target="_blank">3404 Hamilton St</a>. in 1870 shortly after they purchased
it from William List who lived next door at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3406hamilton.htm" target="_blank">3406 Hamilton St</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>George, a 28 year-old pawnbroker, was the son
of a Philadelphia horse trader.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was
at the start of a very successful career in finance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Minnie was 21 and the mother of a 2 year-old
son who died soon after.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She soon gave
birth to sons George W., 3rd and Samuel Murdoch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1882, they traded up and moved to <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3507baring.htm" target="_blank">3507Baring St</a>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In the 1887
city directory, George listed three separate partnerships, plus the humble
“pawnbroker.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Over the years, he
developed close ties with many financial institutions including the Third
National Bank, Fidelity Mutual life Insurance, and the Philadelphia Company for
Guaranteeing Mortgages.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was also
active in civil affairs as a member of the Board of City Trusts and was elected
to Common Councils three times and to Select Council (as a Democrat in a
strongly Republican ward).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Minnie’s
parents lived with the Kendrick family.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Her father, Samuel K. Murdoch, was an actor who became an elocution
coach.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her uncle, James Edward Murdoch,
was a nationally prominent Shakespearean actor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Samuel's brother, Edward Murdoch, (Minnie’s
uncle) was a bookbinder.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1880, he
lived next door at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3406hamilton.htm" target="_blank">3406 Hamilton St</a>. with his daughter, Ella List, her husband
William, and seven (of an eventual ten) children. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Minnie and Ella may also have been cousins through
their mothers, Mary and Ella Hanna.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Kendrick and List families were very close. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1878, Minnie purchased 3406 Hamilton St.
from William and Ella List and rented it to them until 1901 when it was deeded back
to Ella.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Charles List inherited the
family home and his widow was still living there in 1940.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Leonard List lived at several addresses
including <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3301hamilton.htm" target="_blank">3301 Hamilton St</a>. (the cottage house).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1930, he lived at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3605hamilton.htm" target="_blank">3605 Hamilton St</a>.</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiewC7UanXTvElsMnN_HZ3H6jsWvcErMLRt3E61SM47ikrQe9XPUZoTlSjN7LqkV8UZaw_eralFiqH7CltRm4Wh4eFEBoU-uJcMPOuwaSy_W4rmKbZv97w9b3cgTLcfURS1CGsIn-C_v8Sm/s1600/Minnie_Murdoch_Kendrick.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiewC7UanXTvElsMnN_HZ3H6jsWvcErMLRt3E61SM47ikrQe9XPUZoTlSjN7LqkV8UZaw_eralFiqH7CltRm4Wh4eFEBoU-uJcMPOuwaSy_W4rmKbZv97w9b3cgTLcfURS1CGsIn-C_v8Sm/s320/Minnie_Murdoch_Kendrick.jpg" width="302" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Minnie Murdoch Kendrick</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
Kendrick’s made their most significant contributions through the clubs and
organizations they founded and fostered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>George’s obituary in 1916 began by stating “he was one of the best known
and most honored masons in this country.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In 1895, he was the principle force in founding University Lodge No. 610
(now #51).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The next year the members of
the Lodge visited the Kendrick’s home to present George and (in a highly
unusual action for a Masonic Lodge) Minnie with separate resolutions noting the
many kindnesses they had shown the Lodge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Both sons also played important roles in the Lodge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lodge 610 soon became the largest in
Pennsylvania and one of the largest in the country.</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSGxzH5fzOP3I_cgATOolHJlYlYqmI_K_7GBnU84QkAl51tTUXbDRhxFS2koYsuOtsQVl4XXZEvI96G7fftg20d5qqSyzmEYwuvYHKFhIyEYDmR5WuVic-2d1yQldZEHvDCI8g_oezIQkj/s1600/Univ+Lodge+honors+Kendricks+PhInq+6-3-1896.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSGxzH5fzOP3I_cgATOolHJlYlYqmI_K_7GBnU84QkAl51tTUXbDRhxFS2koYsuOtsQVl4XXZEvI96G7fftg20d5qqSyzmEYwuvYHKFhIyEYDmR5WuVic-2d1yQldZEHvDCI8g_oezIQkj/s320/Univ+Lodge+honors+Kendricks+PhInq+6-3-1896.gif" width="222" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Philadelphia Inquirer</i>, June 3, 1896</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Minnie
Kendrick was involved in founding and supporting a dizzying array of
organizations most of which were in support of women’s education.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first club she formed was for her two
sons.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the mid-1870s, she founded a
local Agassiz Association, one of many named in honor of the great
biologist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were 35 boys who met on
Baring St.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A neighbor, Mrs. George Smith
(<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3615hamilton.htm" target="_blank">3615 Hamilton St</a>.), later reported that “[every] Saturday they went into the
country, collected specimens, studied and did good work, every one of
them.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1884, a new chapter with 23 teenage
members was founded by the Kendrick’s young neighbor, Robert Truitt (<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3505baring.htm" target="_blank">3505Baring St</a>.), and Minnie’s young cousin, Charles List.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mrs. Smith also noted Minnie’s involvement in
fostering local parks and playgrounds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>George was a founding member of the Northminster Presbyterian Church
(<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3500baring.htm" target="_blank">35th & Baring</a>) and Minnie a leading member of the Mite Society, the
church’s benevolent society.</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxgp71DP0ulIguyQB-iShcNsyyo7GNZ29F9FHnIAXKMbb1Gf9SJZ49C20mPSyJ4wKhWxv8pytahzVZHyN8hn4Il84Tmi6uViTeTuXTIxaN3j2C773peFbHOQa5lhuDucqgGx-yopBPxqvT/s1600/Minnie+Murdoch+Kendrick+School+pdce01640.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxgp71DP0ulIguyQB-iShcNsyyo7GNZ29F9FHnIAXKMbb1Gf9SJZ49C20mPSyJ4wKhWxv8pytahzVZHyN8hn4Il84Tmi6uViTeTuXTIxaN3j2C773peFbHOQa5lhuDucqgGx-yopBPxqvT/s320/Minnie+Murdoch+Kendrick+School+pdce01640.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Minnie Murdoch Kendrick School (from Free Library of Philadelphia)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Minnie was
best remembered for her support of education for girls.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She worked for decades with the Alumnae
Association of the Girls' High and Normal Schools of Philadelphia and founded
an annuity fund for women teachers (who had to remain single).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Kendricks established a scholarship at the
Philadelphia College of Music and George founded the High School Alumnae
Scholarship at Bryn Mawr in memory of Minnie.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> (The first recipient at Bryn Mawr was her niece, Minnie Kendrick List.)
</span>Her contributions were also celebrated with the naming of the Minnie
Murdoch Kendrick School next to the current site of the Drew School (38th St.
south of Powelton Ave.).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was also a
major force in the D.A.R. and the Pennsylvania Daughters of 1812.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Through the Civic Club, she worked with
Hannah Schoff (<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3418baring.htm" target="_blank">3418 Baring St</a>.) on the establishment of juvenile courts.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Theater was
always important to her.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She founded and
led the West Philadelphia Shakespeare Club for several decades and organized a
week-long Shakespeare Festival at the Academy of Music for the benefit of the
annuity fund for women teachers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both of
her sons were active in Mask and Wig at the University of Pennsylvania.</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCJUjP83jBSzfmLTk2dBZZ-f-DqxcohqT7yuwEgeOn60sa6t_3oepEo8fK-8oJJp24Se_WgICE3PlAK7JrlqSyjJxcoMVxvEnP-Uu3zhwThA_1SgqZrD-EVS-dupCrqrW_D4KihsacuaWl/s1600/Kendrick,+GW+Jr.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCJUjP83jBSzfmLTk2dBZZ-f-DqxcohqT7yuwEgeOn60sa6t_3oepEo8fK-8oJJp24Se_WgICE3PlAK7JrlqSyjJxcoMVxvEnP-Uu3zhwThA_1SgqZrD-EVS-dupCrqrW_D4KihsacuaWl/s320/Kendrick,+GW+Jr.jpg" width="158" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">George Kendrick, Jr. (<i>Phila. Inquirer</i>, 1916)</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Minnie died
in 1903.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>George remained on Baring St.
until his death in 1916.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For more than
40 years, they were a dynamic, important part of Powelton.</div>
Douglas Ewbankhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12349790470228456581noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-701033672358258923.post-72449330311417010392012-06-04T17:44:00.000-04:002019-02-28T21:18:35.744-05:00New Homes in Powelton, 1891 I have found very few ads from home builders for new homes in Powelton. The following ad from 1891 for 3807-09 Baring St. is an unusual exception. It lists numerous features that the builder thought would attract those in the market for a "modern" home.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfE_lcJG1tgFxbveUYZBrADln-aUPblLRASOcERFdyV2aPDlI7UbEqlfRk1uDPEirtzZ8lpLdKNaz3_UeQNggJInConvNG4cztDVX45W4CtvdK1fY0xTfW6QTAFyBt1k4Ybmhf0SCTK396/s1600/3807-09+Baring.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="330" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfE_lcJG1tgFxbveUYZBrADln-aUPblLRASOcERFdyV2aPDlI7UbEqlfRk1uDPEirtzZ8lpLdKNaz3_UeQNggJInConvNG4cztDVX45W4CtvdK1fY0xTfW6QTAFyBt1k4Ybmhf0SCTK396/s400/3807-09+Baring.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
“LOOK! LOOK! <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the
new modern, side yard dwellings, 3807-09 Baring street.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Notice the difference in work and material to
other houses recently built.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No
skylights in dining rooms, but large bay windows instead; no long back alleys;
large front porches and back yards; Filbert’s patent pavement ["Vulcanite"]; finest tiled
bath rooms ever seen, butler’s pantry, with hot and cold water, plenty of
closets [i.e., cabinets]; steel plate French ranges; two heaters; cemented
cellars; <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>incandescent electric and gas
for lighting; wardrobes in second and third floor front rooms; all French plate
glass in fronts; no carpets laid to cover bad floors; first and second stories
furnished in hard wood, old colonial style [i.e., parallel boards]; all done by
day’s work, no cheap contract work; plumbing guaranteed for three years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If you never have seen a first-class modern house,
you are specially invited to look through the houses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You may buy when you see them and learn the
price.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E. E. Baldwin, Builder.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span>on
the premises.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
(<i>Phila. Inquirer</i>, Nov. 21 and 23, 1891)</div>
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In April, 1892, 3807-09 was purchased by Anna T. Pritchett. In 1870, she was 4 years-old and living with her parents, Bardale and Emily Pritchett, at 3710 Lancaster Ave. Her father died in the 1870s. In 1880, Emily, her mother, and three siblings were living at 204 N. 33rd St. Its not clear whether the Pritchetts ever lived in 3807 or 3809. Anna sold them in 1895. In 1900, <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3807baring.htm" target="_blank">3807 Baring St</a>. and <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3809baring.htm" target="_blank">3809 Baring St</a>. were both rentals.Douglas Ewbankhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12349790470228456581noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-701033672358258923.post-47543202570248114422012-03-24T10:55:00.001-04:002019-02-28T21:19:20.470-05:00From Census Names to Real People When I started looking into Powelton history, I began with the censuses. They give the name of each resident plus a few words to describe them in terms of marital status, occupation, place of birth, etc. Some of those individuals were quite prominent. However, most Poweltonians didn't head national organizations or large companies, didn't write books, and weren't heroes of the Civil War. Digging deeper using a wider variety of sources, I occasionally find brief insights into the lives of more typical Poweltonians -- some of their history, details about their jobs or social life, or hints about what happened to them in later years.<br />
Here are three examples from the 3600 block of Hamilton St. around WWI. These families were neighbors who probably saw each other on a regular basis while walking down the street or waiting for a trolley.<br />
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<b><a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3618hamilton.htm">3618 Hamilton St</a>.</b><br />
The 1910 census lists a widow, Emma Southgate (age 58), her unmarried daughter, Eva (34), and a boarder, Samuel Zacharias (70). Zacharias is listed as a widower who was the superintendent of a trust company. A brief obituary for him provides insights into his varied past.<br />
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1915: <i>“Samuel M. Zacharias, 74 years old, who died Sunday night at his home, 3618 Hamilton street, was for 30 years superintendent of vaults of the Guarantee Trust and Safe Deposit Company. Mr. Zacharias was born in Lingletown, Dauphin County, and was graduated from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy in 1863. That year he joined the Union Army, serving in the Sixth Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry. Following this he entered the grain business with his father, and later was appointed Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue for Juanita, Mifflin and Snyder Counties.”</i> (<i>Evening Public Ledger</i>, Jan. 26, 1915)<br />
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<b><a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3624hamilton.htm">3624 Hamilton St</a>.</b><br />
A few doors down the block in 1920, we find Bridget Connor (age 75). She lived with her son, Bernard (38), her married (but separated?) daughter, Genevieve, and two granddaughters. Bernard was single and the manager of a fertilizer company. However, a newspaper story about a simple robbery offers some interesting details.<br />
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1921: <i>“FOUR AUTO BANDITS ROB ONE-ARMED MAN OF $4000. <br />
“Jewelry Taken From Crippled Victim Near His Home. <br />
“A one-armed man was held up by four men in a motor and robbed of jewelry valued at $4000 within a half block of his home at midnight. The victim is Bernard Connor, 3624 Hamilton street, owner of a fertilizing business at Twenty-sixth and York streets. The hold-up was at Thirty-seventh and Hamilton streets. <br />
“Connor looked over his shoulder when he heard the motor approaching. He saw it slow down, and three men jumped out. With his only arm, his right, he struck and knocked down the leading man. <br />
“The others drew revolvers and threatened their victim. <br />
“One of them snatched a diamond stickpin from Connor's necktie, another took off a diamond ring and the third went through his vest pockets and found a gold watch. They did not bother with his wallet which contained $45. <br />
“The highwaymen left in their car and Connor ran along Hamilton street until he stopped a motor and persuaded the driver to give chase. The two machines sped out to Fortieth and Baring streets where the bandits' car eluded the pursuing one”</i> (<i>Phila. Inquirer</i>, March 1, 1921) <br />
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<b><a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3618hamilton.htm">3629 Hamilton St</a>.</b><br />
Across the street, was Augustus Keil (age 39) and his family: wife, Rebecca (31), son Robert (10) and daughters, Henrietta (8) and Anna (2). They also have a nanny, a 35 year-old black woman who was widowed. In 1920, they have another daughter, Rebecca. Robert was then 19 and working as an electrical engineer building organs. However, two small newspaper articles give some idea of what life was like for the Keil family between the censuses.<br />
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August, 1918: <i>“Private Keil., Company M, 109th Infantry. Reported missing in action on July 15, 1918. He was eighteen years old, and enlisted in the old First Regiment, N. G. P., in May, 1917. He received his training at Camp Hancock, and sailed for France in May, 1918. The last letter received by his parents was dated June 27, 1918. Prior to enlisting he was a student at West Philadelphia High School. He lived with his father, at 3629 Hamilton street.”</i> (<i>Evening Public Ledger</i>, August 16, 1918)<br />
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January, 1919: <i>“The War Department announced today the names of one officer and 264 enlisted men of the American expeditionary force, who have arrived in France after being released from the German prison camp at Rastatt…. Among the enlisted men from this city… Roger H. Kiel, 3629 Hamilton street….”</i> (<i>Phila. Inquirer</i>, Jan. 4, 1919) <br />
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A death, a robbery, and a POW returning home are not everyday occurrences. In each case, they reveal something about these individuals. However, they also give us some feel for the neighborhood. These events were known to all the neighbors and, to some extent, they were shared losses and celebrated victories -- shared experiences that make a neighborhood (or a village) more than a list of names with ages, occupations and places of birth.Douglas Ewbankhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12349790470228456581noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-701033672358258923.post-51525188513544356952012-03-11T13:27:00.002-04:002019-02-28T21:20:31.399-05:00Families and Neighbors – The Ties That Bind Powelton’s history includes a surprising number of prominent individuals. However, the lives of the majority of Poweltonians have never been chronicled. Despite this, the histories of many families have emerged. One such family is the Butler-Dent family, three generations of whom lived in the same house in Powelton over a period of about 100 years. <br />
James P. Butler was born in Connecticut about 1821. In 1850, he was living in Philadelphia. He went through a number of occupations: “cork henster” (whatever that is), bookbinder, coal dealer, and silversmith and jeweler. His first wife, Emma M. Foering, died in 1858 at age 33 leaving him with two young daughters, Mary Ella (born 1853) and Fanny (1856). He soon married Mary Baker. In 1860, they moved to <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3401baring.htm">3401 Baring St</a>. and about 1862-‘63, they moved to <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/202n35th.htm">202 N. 35th St</a>. where the family lived for about 100 years. <br />
About 1871, his daughter, Mary Ella Butler, married Joseph H. Dent. Dent was orphaned at a young age. His parents, Elizabeth and Joseph W. Dent, a gold beater, apparent died in the 1850s. In 1860, Joseph, age 10, was living with his aunt and uncle, Lydia (Hansell) and Samuel Lloyd. Lloyd was a successful brick maker. At age 10, Joseph was listed in the census with real estate valued at $10,000. In 1870, he and the Lloyd family were living at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3322springgarden.htm">3322 Bridge (Spring Garden) St</a>. and he was working as a store clerk.<br />
Mary and Joseph Dent had three children: Mary (1872), Joseph (about 1873), and Ella (1877). They also lost an infant son in 1876 when they were living at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3626powelton.htm">3626 Powelton Ave</a>. Joseph began working as a real estate agent. Tragedy struck again in 1879 when Joseph died suddenly. In 1880, Mary and the three children were living with her parents at 202 N. 35th St. <br />
In 1900, James Butler (now 77) and Mary (80) were still living with Mary Dent and her two daughters. Grandson Joseph H. Dent was a 2nd Lieutenant in the U. S. Army living in the Philippines where the Philippines-American War was just coming to an end. On August 28, 1902, the <i>New York Times</i> reported<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOwlOVbg9ChZg3LH1R2evyBf8dwwMALvHAxx12pa9OKdUxTfM_JGIzdb9G5USaW99183k6Fipr-DZQvloaNzcmWPEF0gJPTCAzntBjQHpUWCdx_eHhsxDC5PEWOCsKhqzk2z8_TyYtwupO/s1600/Dent+marriage+NYT+8-28-1902.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOwlOVbg9ChZg3LH1R2evyBf8dwwMALvHAxx12pa9OKdUxTfM_JGIzdb9G5USaW99183k6Fipr-DZQvloaNzcmWPEF0gJPTCAzntBjQHpUWCdx_eHhsxDC5PEWOCsKhqzk2z8_TyYtwupO/s400/Dent+marriage+NYT+8-28-1902.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
The best man, Roswell (Ross) E. Williams, Jr., was Dent's cousin who lived at 46 N. 36th St..<br />
What the <i>Times</i> failed to mention is that the Savage family was just in Atlantic City for the summer. They lived at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3425race.htm">3425 Race St</a>., right across 35th St. from the Butler and Dent families. Anna Savage was the daughter of Albert and Ida Savage. Albert was born in Virginia in 1859. It appears that he was practicing law in 1880, but by 1900 he no longer listed an occupation. They moved to Powelton about 1898. <br />
James Butler died in 1901 at 78 and Mary died two years later at 83. In 1930, Mary Dent was 76 and living in her parents house at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/202n35th.htm">202 N. 35th St</a>. with her daughters. Mary Emma and Ella were 57 and 52 and neither had married. Mary Emma worked as a public school teacher and then at the Board of Education. Ella never listed an occupation. <br />
Meanwhile, their brother, Joseph, remained in the Army until 1909. In 1910, he and Anna were living with her maternal grandparents in Baltimore. Joseph worked as a bookkeeper and, later, an auditor. When he died in the 1920s around age 50, Anna moved back to Philadelphia with three of their five children. <br />
In 1950, Anna Savage Dent (age 65) was living at <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3425race.htm">3425 Race St</a>. where she spent her adolescence. Her sister-in-law, Mary E. Dent was still living across the street in her grandfather’s house where she had lived almost all of her 74 years. <br />
It is many families like these that make Powelton a village.<br />
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<span style="color: blue;">A shorter version of this appeared in the </span><i style="color: blue;">Powelton Post</i><span style="color: blue;">, January, 2012</span>Douglas Ewbankhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12349790470228456581noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-701033672358258923.post-13052622370970041472012-02-19T14:18:00.000-05:002019-02-28T21:21:09.028-05:00Doth No Good Plea Go Unpunished?<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The following story from 1873 demonstrates that some things in Powelton haven't changed (i.e., problems with brick sidewalks and battles between neighbors) while other things (the role of churches) have.</div>
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“A <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">New Point Of Faith.</span>—In the Philadelphia Central Presbytery it is necessary to salvation that one should believe not only in the Five Points of Calvinism, but also in mud-puddles. The First Presbyterian Church of <span class="gstxthlt">Mantua [*] </span>kept on its sidewalk a system of dirty pools, and an elder of the Church, Mr. A. S. <span class="gstxthlt">Ashmead, </span>made so bold as to address to 'Ye Honorable ye Board of Trustees' of the Church a petition, couched in antique English, praying for the abatement of the nuisance. No disrespectful language was used, and the only sentence in the petition—which lies before us—into which any exceptionable meaning can possibly be injected is this:</div>
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'It being a scandal to ye whole neighborhood, moreover, that ye ladies (God bless 'em!) in order ye better to avoid soiling their dresses, are compelled to lift ye skirts therefore higher than would otherwise be necessary, and causing ye ladies aforesaid to ruminate upon y<span class="gstxtsub">e</span> old saying, 'Cleanliness is next to godliness,' etc.</div>
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For sending this note, which was characterized as scurrilous, Mr. <span class="gstxthlt">Ashmead </span>was arraigned before the session of the Church, for 'immorality and unchristian conduct,' and was suspended from the sacraments [unless and until he issued an apology]. The case being appealed to the presbytery, the judgment of the session has been sustained; and poor Mr. <span class="gstxthlt">Ashmead </span>is cast forth as a heathen man and a publican because he does not believe that mud-puddles are part of the ways of the Lord's house." (Reprinted from the <i>Independent</i> in <i>The Ladies' Repository</i>. Methodist Episcopal Church. General Conference. 1873. Pg 67<i>.)</i></div>
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* The First Presbyterian Church of Mantua was located at 3500 Spring Garden St. It became the Northminster Presbyterian Church when it moved to <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3500baring.htm">3500 Baring St</a>. in 1875.</div>
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Albert Ashmead was a prosperous merchant who was married to Sarah Graham, the daughter of a grocer on High (Market ) St. About 1859 the Ashmeads moved with their seven children and her mother from 36th and Bridge (Spring Garden) streets to 3500 Hamilton St. When the Civil War started, he joined the 29th Pennsylvania Infantry at age 37. He served as an Assistant Quartermaster throughout the war. After the war, he rejoined his family at 3500 Hamilton St. and became a real estate agent.<br />
Ashmead's appeal to the Philadelphia presbytery of his suspension from the First Presbyterian Church was covered in two long articles in the <i>Philadelphia Inquirer</i>. His alleged offense was not the content of the petition (as implied by the gleeful Methodists), but the fact that he allegedly submitted it anonymously and that he denied having sent it. Whatever the truth of these allegations, it is clear there must have been more to the story. It is likely that the back story centers on some other difference of opinion between Albert Ashmead and his neighbor, Alexander Andrews (<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3507baring.htm">3507 Baring St</a>.). (I have previously written about the long history of the relationship between the <a href="http://poweltonhistoryblog.blogspot.com/2011/06/of-church-and-family.html">Andrews family</a> and the Northminster church.)</div>
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When Ashmead wrote his unsigned "petition," he sent it to Andrews who was the President of the Board of Trustees of the church. Ashmead stated he had attached a note to Andrews stating he would be happy to gather signatures, if that was necessary. Andrews showed the letter to the pastor and the other elders but otherwise sat on it for 16 months before making it public and bringing charges against Ashmead. Pastor Henry Augustus Smith (<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3413hamilton.htm">3413 Hamilton St</a>.) testified that when the matter was brought up, Ashmead responded with hostility toward the church. (Perhaps it is worth noting that Rev. Smith, who was the pastor from 1864-1882, was married to Alexander Andrews's daughter, Louisa.)</div>
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It is not known whether Albert Ashmead ever issued an apology and was reinstated in the church. However, the matter might simply have become mute when the Ashmead family moved to Lower Merion a few years later. What is clear is that Powelton, like any village, was not always peaceful and neighbors were not always friends.Douglas Ewbankhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12349790470228456581noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-701033672358258923.post-25944986817701755802011-11-20T15:20:00.000-05:002019-02-28T21:26:08.696-05:00Rev. Chauncey Giles, Leader of the Swedenbourgian Church in America<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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Rev. Chauncey Giles was the leader of the New Jerusalem Church (Swedenbourgian) in the United States. He was born in Massachusetts in 1813 and educated at Williams College. He spent a number of years as a struggling school teacher moving from town to town in Pennsylvania and Ohio. He was so dissatisfied with teaching that at one time he attempted to become a dentist. He then tried giving public lectures on chemistry – a subject about which he knew nothing. He attempted to demonstrate some experiments, but ended up burning his hand and inhaling chlorine gas. He finally found his true calling when he became a clergyman in Cincinnati. After eleven years, he moved to New York. In 1875, he was elected President of the General Conference of the Church of the New Jerusalem in the United States and continued in that position until his death in 1893. For a number of years, he was also editor of the <i>New Jerusalem Messenger</i>. <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEPt6ZjaeRf-46qSMAR2PT9muEpoKQM-RFzmxsvpaoqnoI9lS2gAau8ATrCzS4S_oYLdlFw8-wOFPZvAsabUSZ5_I9ywlGikjboxTYEyACoUzKLLzXOfxSPZ_-5zNzHkB1M1D7yVeJ0C1z/s1600/Giles%252C+Chauncey+%2526+Eunice+c1883-sm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEPt6ZjaeRf-46qSMAR2PT9muEpoKQM-RFzmxsvpaoqnoI9lS2gAau8ATrCzS4S_oYLdlFw8-wOFPZvAsabUSZ5_I9ywlGikjboxTYEyACoUzKLLzXOfxSPZ_-5zNzHkB1M1D7yVeJ0C1z/s400/Giles%252C+Chauncey+%2526+Eunice+c1883-sm.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Eunice and Chauncey Giles, about 1883</td></tr>
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In 1877, Giles began was having health problems and decided he could no longer continue all of his duties. He decided he required a lighter work load and accepted the call to become pastor of the New Church Society in Philadelphia. He took up his position in Philadelphia in early 1878 and moved his family to <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3609hamilton.htm">3609 Hamilton St</a>. He wrote that: “[w]e are delightfully situated here. West Philadelphia is a city in the country. The streets are like green lanes. Many of the houses have beautiful gardens with shrubbery and flowers. We have some city sounds, but they are not numerous and loud enough to drown the sounds of birds and other country notes. We have enjoyed the quiet and beauty of our home very much.” In March, 1878, he reported that “I am often asked if I feel at home, and I am compelled to answer, ‘No.’ I know I am at home and I am satisfied, but there is so great a difference between Philadelphia and New York that it will take time to accommodate myself to all the new ways and feel contented. The people are very kind and do all in their power to make me feel at home. There are many people of culture here, and I think they are more sociable than they were in New York. I really think we have received more invitations to dine and take tea since we came here than we did in the fourteen years in New York.” <br />
Soon after his arrival in Philadelphia, Giles made several trips to London and to Paris where he helped a group trying to establish the New Church of Jerusalem in France. This trip consumed much of 1878 and for the next few years he continued spending several months a year in Europe. In later years, he traveled to a number of cities in the U.S. often in connection with annual meetings of the General Conference. The trips to Europe were made possible by the generosity of anonymous donors which also allowed him and Mrs. Giles to spend summers at Lake George. <br />
After he returned to the U.S. and his home in Philadelphia, he wrote to a friend in Europe inviting her to come for a visit. By this time, the Rev. and Mrs. Giles seem settled into their new setting. In December, 1878, he wrote: “We have a good cheerful fire in the grate, my study lamp gives a soft and pleasant light, and we can offer you an easy chair. There is also a basket of delicious fruit, a present from the Sunday school, on my desk, and on the side table there is a very large and beautiful bouquet, covering nearly the whole of the table, a present from the ladies of the society. Come, you shall share in them all. Mrs. Giles will lay aside her book, and I will put away my writing, and we will have a good talk.” <br />
Building a successful congregation must not have been an easy task. Years later, his daughter wrote that: “Among its members were many earnest and devoted New Churchmen who, because of tenacious and opposite opinions held by other equally sincere members, had refrained from active participation in the affairs of the Society, so that conflict might be avoided. Some who had come into the Church from the Quakers wished little or no ritual; others there were who liked a more elaborate service. Some would like to join the General Convention and work with the Church at large; others opposed it. Mr. Giles's one aim was useful work in harmony for the Church.” Giles brought the congregation together to raise money first for church windows then for a new organ. <br />
During the years 1879-1881 the Church lacked a regular meeting place. However, by 1881, they had collected sufficient funds to purchased land at the corner of 22nd and Chestnut Streets where they built the church that still stands today. When the building was completed in 1883, Giles reported that “[t]he completion of this church and the Sunday School building and their dedication to the Lord will be in one way the crowning success of my life. I do not know of anyone who thought it to be possible when I came here. I do not think anyone even dreamed of it, but there they stand, an ornament to the city and a beautiful and convenient home for our society.” By this time, the Church had a number of prominent members who lived in Powelton. (See my previous blog<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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</style> <![endif]-->, <a href="http://poweltonhistoryblog.blogspot.com/2011/05/swedenborgians-in-powelton.html">Swedenborgians in Powelton</a>.)<br />
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In the spring of 1882, Giles was able to buy <a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3502hamilton.htm">3502 Hamilton St</a>. with help from friends. Years later, his daughter wrote that “[f]or the first time in his life [he] owned a home of his very own. This fact was a constant source of gratitude. I have heard my mother say that it is the only material blessing for which he ever prayed. The home was a comfort to them both in their declining years and a blessing most deeply appreciated.”<br />
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In 1885, Giles was having increasing health problems associated with rheumatism, bronchitis, and a broken rib. Therefore, the Church hired William L. Worcester as his assistant. Worcester was ordained in late 1885 and later succeeded Giles as pastor. He lived with the Giles family until 1899 when he married Edith Burnham, daughter of William and granddaughter of George Burnham (<a href="http://old.poweltonvillage.org/interactivemap/files/3401powelton.htm">3401 Powelton Ave</a>.), and moved in with her parents. The Burnhams were prominent members of the New Church.<br />
Giles published several books and a large number of sermons. He also wrote stories for children in “an attempt to embody some useful truths in a form to interest the young.” These were published in “The Wonderful Pocket” (available for download from Google books).<br />
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Chauncey Giles died at his home in 1893. Mrs. Giles continued living there until her death in 1912. Mr. Giles’s obituary in the <i>New Church Messenger</i> noted that “[i]n the removal of Mr. Giles we have taken from us the most widely known man of the New Church. He was beyond all comparison the leader in the work of the New Church propagandism, and has doubtless said, published, and done more for making known to the world the doctrines of the New Church than any other man in its history.” In 1897, the Philadelphia Church added a new chancel and dedicated it to his memory.Douglas Ewbankhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12349790470228456581noreply@blogger.com0